Uv germicidal devices, systems, and methods

ABSTRACT

A germicidal system for use in disinfecting one or more contact surfaces includes one or more germicidal devices each comprising a germicidal light source. The one or more germicidal devices may be connected to a network, which allows for controlling the operational parameters of the one or more germicidal devices and/or collecting information from the one or more germicidal devices.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional applicationSer. No. 15/364,242, filed on Nov. 29, 2016, which claims priority toPCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2015/033434, filed on May 30,2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.62/005,437, filed May 30, 2014, and titled “UV GERMICIDAL SYSTEM ANDMETHOD USING DEVICE IDENTIFICATION AND DISINFECTION PROTOCOL,” and toU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/119,157, filed Feb. 21, 2015,and titled “UV GERMICIDAL SYSTEM AND METHOD,” each of which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present invention relates generally to germicidal devices, systems,and methods, including a system for centralized control, monitoring,storage, and/or analysis of a plurality of germicidal devices connectedto a network.

BACKGROUND

Healthcare workers wash their hands often in an attempt to preventtransmission of hospital acquired infections. However, a large number ofhospital patients still become infected by nosocomial (healthcareacquired) infections. Computers with bacteria ridden surfaces alreadypresent in hospital rooms or brought into a room by a healthcare workerto perform an exam or procedure may be to blame. The hands of healthcareworkers may become infected when they touch the computer surface. Theinfection can then be passed on to patients and other surfaces in theroom.

In efforts to solve this health hazard, current practices include usingdisinfectant wipes to wipe down the surfaces. However, to have anyantimicrobial affect, most wipes require a surface to remain wet withdisinfecting solution for at least 30 seconds. This manual disinfectionmethod is time and labor intensive, and as such is unlikely to be doneas frequently as required to limit transmission. Antibacterial treatmentof surfaces may not be ideal either as it takes several hours to killbacteria deposited on them, which may prohibit any real impact on thepathogen transfer mechanism. Further, as chemical disinfectants, likeantibiotics, have been overused, super resistant strains of bugs arebeing created that require new solutions. Additional methods ofdisinfection are thus desirable.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Described herein are solutions to keep computer and other equipmentsurfaces at a level of disinfection sufficient to reduce or eliminatebacteria that is transferred to the hands of healthcare workers whenthey touch the surfaces. For example, computer and other surfaces may bedisinfected periodically and/or after use. Disclosed herein is agermicidal system and method for automatically disinfecting the contactsurfaces using a germicidal light source, such as a low intensityultraviolet (UV) light, that is intelligently controlled. The germicidalsystems described herein may comprise one or more germicidal deviceshaving sensors to monitor for human activity. In some variations, thegermicidal devices may have a single type of sensor to monitor for humanactivity. In other variations, the germicidal devices may have two ormore types of sensors to monitor for human activity. In these instances,the germicidal devices may comprise one or more proximity sensors (e.g.,a passive infrared sensor) as well as one or more interaction sensorsusing software monitoring of existing computer input devices (e.g.,keyboard, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen) for activity. In some instances,the sensors may be integrated into a control system. The control systemmay be configured to turn the germicidal light source on in response tocontact with the contact surface, and may be configured to turn thelight off in response to presence of a user. In some variations, thecontrol system may further be configured to turn the germicidal lightsource on periodically, not in response to contact with the contactsurface. Such a control system may reduce risks associated with humanexposure to germicidal light sources, while achieving increasedeffectiveness.

One or more of the germicidal devices described herein may be integratedinto a germicidal system and may be configured to exchange informationwith one or more remote devices and/or servers over a network. Thenetwork may allow for control of and/or data collection from the one ormore germicidal devices. For example, the germicidal system may includea hosted, web-based management system connected to each of the one ormore germicidal devices on the network within a facility (e.g., ahospital or hospital system). The management system may be configured tocollect data from one or more germicidal devices on the network. Forexample, the administrator interface may be used to monitor and reporton the disinfection statistics of one or more germicidal devices, aswell as to track other factors, such as when portions of the devices(e.g., bulbs) may need to be replaced. The administrator interface mayadditionally or alternatively be configured to control one or moregermicidal devices on the network. For example, the administratorinterface may be used to modify one or more operational parameters ofone or more germicidal devices.

It should be appreciated that the germicidal systems, devices, andmethods described herein may be applied not only in healthcarefacilities, but anywhere where computers or other interactive devices orsurfaces are used in a shared environment, such as but not limited torestaurants, airports, schools, universities, self-checkout stations ingrocery stores, and the like.

Described herein are systems for disinfecting one or more surfaces. Insome variations, the systems may comprise a germicidal device, a server,and an administrator device. The germicidal device may comprise agermicidal light source and a proximity sensor. The server may becommunicatively coupled to the germicidal device via a network, whereinthe server is configured to provide instructions to the germicidaldevice and to receive input from the germicidal device via the network.The administrator device may be communicatively coupled to the server,wherein the administrator device comprises an administrator interface,and wherein the administrator device is configured to receive input viathe administrator interface and to provide instructions to the servervia the network. In some of these variations, the server may beindirectly communicatively coupled to the germicidal device via a humaninterface device, and the one or more surfaces to be disinfected may bepart of or a peripheral device of the human interface device. In some ofthese variations, the system may further comprise a second germicidaldevice comprising a germicidal light source and a proximity sensor, andthe server may be communicatively coupled to the second germicidaldevice via the network. In some of these variations, the germicidaldevice may be wirelessly connected to the network.

Also described herein are methods for controlling a germicidal system.The germicidal system may comprise at least one germicidal devicecommunicatively coupled to an administrator device via a network. Insome variations, the method may comprise receiving, at an administratordevice, an administrator input via an administrator interface, and inresponse to the administrator input, adjusting one or more operationalparameters of the at least one germicidal device. In some of thesevariations, the germicidal system may comprise a plurality of germicidaldevices communicatively coupled to the administrator device via anetwork. In some of these variations, the one or more operationalparameters may comprise at least one of a disinfecting cycle duration,delay period, periodic cycle duration, and periodic interval. In some ofthese variations, the one or more operational parameters may comprise atleast one of a disinfecting cycle duration, delay period, periodic cycleduration, and periodic interval. In some of these variations, theincrease may be in response to a Clostridium difficile outbreak. In someof these variations, at least one of the disinfecting cycle duration andthe periodic cycle duration may be increased. In some of thesevariations, the increase may be in response to a Clostridium difficileoutbreak. In some variations, the administrator input may comprise aselection of at least one of the plurality of germicidal devices. Insome variations, the administrator input may comprise a selection of atleast two of the plurality of germicidal devices. In some variations,the administrator input may comprise a selection of one or moreoperational parameters of at least one of the plurality of germicidaldevices. In some variations, the administrator input may comprise aselection of one or more operational parameters of at least two of theplurality of germicidal devices. In some variations, adjusting one ormore operational parameters of at least one germicidal device comprisestransmitting instructions to the at least one germicidal device.

Also described herein are methods for disinfecting a surface using agermicidal device. The germicidal device may comprise a germicidal lightsource and a proximity sensor, and the germicidal device may beconnected to a human interface device. In some variations, the methodmay comprise, in response to detecting an interaction with the humaninterface device, beginning a disinfection cycle, wherein thedisinfection cycle comprises irradiating the surface using thegermicidal light source for a disinfection cycle duration, and beginninga periodic disinfection cycle, wherein the periodic disinfection cyclecomprises irradiating the surface using the germicidal light source fora periodic cycle duration. In some of these variations, the periodiccycle duration may be longer than the disinfection cycle duration. Insome of these variations, the periodic cycle duration may be between 0.5and 4 times the disinfection cycle duration. In some variations, themethod may further comprise ending at least one of the disinfectioncycle and the periodic disinfection cycle in response to detection ofinteraction with the human interface device, and pausing at least one ofthe disinfection cycle and the periodic disinfection cycle in responseto a detection event by the proximity sensor.

Also described herein are methods for generating a report related to agermicidal system. The germicidal system may comprise at least onegermicidal device communicatively coupled to a server via a network, andan administrator device communicatively coupled to the server andconfigured to receive administrator input. In some variations, themethod may comprise, generating a report in response to receivingadministrator input, wherein the report contains information related tothe at least one germicidal device. In some of these variations, theinformation may comprise a number of completed disinfection cycles bythe at least one germicidal device within a time period. In some ofthese variations, the system may comprise a plurality of germicidaldevices communicatively coupled to the server via the network. In someof these variations, the information may comprise a number of completeddisinfection cycles by at least two of the plurality of germicidaldevices within a time period. In some of these variations, the reportcontains information related to at least two of the plurality ofgermicidal devices. In some of these variations, the administrator inputmay comprise a selection of at least two of the plurality of germicidaldevices. In some variations, the administrator input comprises one ormore report parameters.

Also described here are germicidal systems for use in disinfecting ahuman interface device. Generally, the systems may comprise at least onehuman interface device, at least one ultraviolet light source inproximity to the at least one human interface device for disinfecting acontact surface of the human interface device, and a sensing systemconfigured to detect when the contact surface should be disinfected, andconfigured to detect when a person is near or in an irradiation area oflight produced by the at least one ultraviolet light source. In somevariations, the sensing system may comprise a proximity sensor. In somevariations, the sensing system may comprise an interaction sensor thatdetects interaction with one or more inputs of the human interfacedevice. In of variations, the sensing system may comprise a proximitysensor and an interaction sensor that detects interaction with one ormore inputs of the human interface device. In some of these variations,the one or more inputs may comprise at least one of a keyboard, mouse,and touchscreen.

Also described here are germicidal systems for use in disinfecting acontact surface. Generally, the germicidal systems may comprise at leastone human interface device, at least one a germicidal device inproximity to the at least one human interface device, a servercommunicatively coupled to the at least one germicidal device via anetwork, and a computer in communication with the server for controllingoperational parameters of the germicidal device. In some variations, theoperational parameters may comprise a duration of a disinfection cycle.

Also described here are germicidal systems for use in disinfecting acontact surface where the germicidal systems may generally comprise atleast one germicidal device. The germicidal device may comprise agermicidal light source and a controller system configured to turn thegermicidal light source on and off. The germicidal device may compriseat least one proximity sensor. In some variations the proximity sensormay be a passive infrared sensor. In some variations the proximitysensor may be a heat sensor. In some variations, the germicidal devicemay comprise both a passive infrared sensor and a heat sensor. In somevariations, the germicidal device may be configured to be wirelessconnected to a network. In other variations, the germicidal device maybe configured to be connected to a network via a human interface device.In some of these variations, the controller system may receive inputregarding interaction with the human interface device, or regardinginteraction with a peripheral device of the human interface device. Thegermicidal light source may in some variations be a cold cathodefluorescent lamp. In some variations, the germicidal device may beconfigured such that when the germicidal light source is on, at 10 cmdirectly below the germicidal light source, the intensity at a centralwavelength may be less than 500 μW/cm². In some variations, thegermicidal device may be configured such that when the germicidal lightsource is on, at 10 cm directly below the germicidal light source, theintensity at a central wavelength may be less than 300 μW/cm². In somevariations, the germicidal device may be configured such that when thegermicidal light source is on, at 10 cm directly below the germicidallight source, the intensity at a central wavelength may be less than 100μW/cm². In some variations, the germicidal device may be configured suchthat when the germicidal light source is on, at 10 cm directly below thegermicidal light source, the intensity at a central wavelength may beless than 50 μW/cm². In some variations, the germicidal device maycomprise a lens, wherein the lens comprises a material that partiallyattenuates ultraviolet light. In some of these variations, the lens maybe configured to attenuate ultraviolet light by 50%. In some of thesevariations, the lens may have a thickness between 2 mm and 4 mm. In someof these variations, the lens may comprise a polymer. In some of thesevariations, the lens may comprise cyclic olefin copolymer. In some ofthese variations, the lens may be removable and replaceable.

Also described here are germicidal devices. Generally, the germicidaldevices may comprise a light assembly and a mounting assembly. In somevariations, the mounting assembly may comprise a receptacle. Thereceptacle may be configured to receive an object comprising a contactsurface to be disinfected. In some of these variations, the receptaclemay be configured to receive a mouse. The mounting assembly may beconfigured such that when the object is placed within the receptacle, agermicidal light source of the light assembly is configured toilluminate the contact surface of the object. In some variations, thereceptacle may comprise a surface configured to support the object. Insome of these variations, the receptacle may comprise one or more sidesto help secure the object in place within the receptacle. In somevariations, the mounting assembly may comprise an extension attached ata first end to the light assembly. In some variations, the receptaclemay comprise a mounting lip, which may be configured to be mounted to amounting surface. In other variations, the mounting assembly maycomprise a receptacle housing rotatably coupled to a panel. The panelmay be configured to attach to a human interface device. In somevariations, panel may be configured to attach to the rear surface of alaptop LCD screen. The mounting assembly may comprise a firstconfiguration in which the receptacle housing is adjacent to the paneland a second configuration in which the receptacle housing is rotatedaway from the panel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-1C show perspective views of an exemplary germicidal device.

FIGS. 2A and 2B-2C are exploded and assembled views, respectively, ofthe germicidal device of FIGS. 1A-1C comprising an exemplary mountingassembly.

FIG. 3A depicts the germicidal device and mounting assembly of FIGS.2A-2C attached to a laptop computer. FIGS. 3B-3C show the germicidaldevice of FIGS. 1A-1C comprising another exemplary mounting assembly.

FIGS. 4A and 4B show perspective and side views, respectively, of thegermicidal device of FIGS. 1A-1C comprising an exemplary assembly forholding a mouse.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D show perspective, front, side, and top views,respectively, of a germicidal device of FIGS. 1A-1C on an exemplarystand.

FIGS. 6A-6B show front and top views of the germicidal device and standof FIGS. 5A-5D used with a keyboard. FIGS. 6C-6E show top views of thegermicidal device and stand of FIGS. 5A-5D used with a mouse.

FIGS. 7A-7B show perspective and side views of the germicidal device ofFIGS. 1A-1C comprising another exemplary mounting assembly describedherein. FIG. 7C shows the germicidal devices and mounting assemblies ofFIGS. 7A-7B mounted on a point-of-sale system.

FIGS. 8A-8B depict perspective views another exemplary variation of agermicidal device described herein. FIGS. 8C-8H illustrate thegermicidal device of FIGS. 8A-8B attached to different human interfacedevices.

FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary integrated germicidal device.

FIGS. 10A-10B depict exemplary disinfection methods.

FIG. 11 is an exploded view of an exemplary germicidal device withoutits external housing.

FIG. 12A is a block diagram representation of the components and modulesthat support one variation of a germicidal device. FIG. 12B is a blockdiagram of another variation of a germicidal device.

FIG. 13 is a circuit schematic of one variation of a germicidal device.

FIG. 14 depicts one variation of the circuitry of the proximity sensorassembly.

FIG. 15 depicts one variation of circuitry of an DC-to-AC inverterassembly that drives an exemplary the germicidal light source.

FIGS. 16A-16F are representative user interface screens describedherein.

FIG. 17 is an exemplary report described herein.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a variation of a germicidalsystem comprising a plurality of germicidal devices configured tocommunicate via a network.

FIGS. 19A-19K show exemplary portions of an administrator interface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Overview

The germicidal devices, systems, and methods described herein may beused to reduce the risk of bacteria or virus transmission on contactsurfaces. In some instances the contact surfaces may be all or a portionof an electronic human interface device or its peripheral devices, suchas but not limited to notebook computers, desktop computers, touchscreencomputers or portable computing devices, tablet computers, kiosks,point-of-sale screens, keyboards, mice, cash registers, automated tellermachines, credit card payment devices (e.g., at grocery store check-outaisles), portions of these devices, or the like. In other instances, thecontact surfaces may be all or a portion of a non-interactive object,such as but not limited to a countertop, a sink, a doorknob, or thelike.

The germicidal devices described herein may be capable of automaticallycleaning the contact surfaces using irradiation, such as UV irradiation.Use of a germicidal device as described herein may be particularlydesirable in situations wherein contact surfaces are typically touchedby more than one person, such as but not limited to medicalenvironments, educational institutions, libraries, government entities,business, and the like, where failure to disinfect these surfaces mayincrease the likelihood of transmission of contagions between staffmembers, patients, customers, and/or other persons. The systems may alsobe desirable in situations in which it may be impractical to use spraysor wipes because physically touching the surfaces can easily press theinput mechanisms (e.g., keys or mouse buttons) and produce erroneousdata entries.

The germicidal devices described herein may comprise one or moregermicidal light sources. Generally, the germicidal light source may beconfigured to project light onto a contact surface to irradiate anddisinfect the contact surface. The germicidal system may be configuredto irradiate the contact surface between users touching the contactsurface (e.g., using or accessing a human interface device) to at leastpartially disinfect the target area. The germicidal device may comprisea controller system, which may be configured to drive the germicidallight source according to the disinfection methods described herein.

One or more germicidal devices described herein may be connected via anetwork into a germicidal system. The germicidal systems describedherein may comprise software configured to direct one or more processorsof the germicidal system to perform a wide variety of functions. Forexample, software may contribute to the control of automatic operationsof the germicidal system, and software may enable a user to manuallyadjust operational parameters of the germicidal system via a userinterface. Software may be configured to control the flow ortransmission of data between devices of the germicidal system, and itmay enable the germicidal system to collect, store, and/or analyze thetransmitted data. A germicidal system may also comprise one or moregermicidal devices and/or human interface devices that are configured toexchange information with one or more remote devices and/or servers overa network. This may allow for centralized control of all or a portion ofthe germicidal and/or human interface devices that are connected to thenetwork. The germicidal system may allow for centralized monitoring,storage, and/or analysis of data obtained from all or a portion of thegermicidal and/or human interface devices that are connected to thenetwork.

Germicidal Device Light Assembly

An exemplary germicidal device 100 is shown in FIGS. 1A-1C. Thegermicidal device 100 may comprise a light assembly 102 comprising ahousing 104 and one or more germicidal light sources 106. The lightassembly 102 may also optionally comprise one or more sensors 108 and/orone or more work lights 110, as described in more detail herein.

Housing

As shown in FIG. 1A, the housing 104 may comprise a recess 116configured to receive the germicidal light source 106, and may comprisea flange or skirt 114 around the recess and extending from the housing.The housing 104 may be sized and shaped to allow light to be projectedthrough an opening in the housing while reducing light exposure to areasoutside the boundaries that define a contact area desired to bedisinfected. That is, the flange or skirt 114 may help to reduce sideexposure incidents and low side angles with respect to the germicidallight source 106. A reflective material 118 may optionally be locatedwithin at least a portion of an interior of the housing 104, such thatat least a portion of light that is initially directed away from thecontact surface may be reflected and re-directed towards the contactsurface.

While not shown in the variation of FIGS. 1A-1C, in other variations thelight assembly may comprise a lens. The lens may be configured to atleast partially extend over the opening in the housing and may provideprotection for the germicidal light source, affect the illuminationpattern projected by the germicidal light source (e.g., change the sizeof the illumination pattern, change the shape of the illuminationpattern, change the intensity of the illumination pattern), or acombination thereof. For example, in some variations, the lens maycomprise a material that partially filters light emitted from thegermicidal light source (e.g., UVC light). In one variation, the lensmay comprise a polymer, such as cyclic olefin copolymer, that isconfigured to partially filter UVC light, i.e., allow a portion of UVClight to pass through the material, while preventing another portion ofUVC light to pass through the material. In such a way, the light emittedfrom the germicidal light source may be attenuated. The materialproperties and/or thickness of a lens may be selected to achieve adesired attenuation, for example between about 5% and about 95%, betweenabout 10% and about 90%, between about 15% and about 85%, between about20% and about 80%, between about 25% and about 75%, between about 30%and about 70%, between about 35% and about 65%, between about 40% andabout 60%, between about 45% and about 55%, about 40%, about 45%, about50%, about 55%, or about 60%. In some instances, the thickness of thelens may be between about 0.5 mm and about 10 mm, between about 1 mm andabout 8 mm, between about 1 mm and about 5 mm, between about 2 mm andabout 4 mm, about 0.5 mm, about 1 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 2 mm, about2.5 mm, about 3 mm, about 3.5 mm, about 4 mm, about 4.5 mm, about 5 mm,about 5.5 mm, or about 6 mm. In some variations of light assembliescomprising a lens, the lens may be fixedly attached to the lightassembly. In other variations, the lens may be removably attached to thelight assembly, which may allow the lens to be exchanged to achievedifferent amounts of light attenuation.

Germicidal Light Source

The germicidal light source 106 may be located within a housing 104, andmay be a light source configured for germicidal irradiation. In somevariations, the germicidal light source 106 may emit light in the UVCwavelength band. The germicidal light source may emit light in aspectrum between about 100 nm and about 280 nm. For example, thegermicidal light source may be configured to have a wavelength bandcentered between about 240 nm and about 260 nm, between about 250 nm andabout 260 nm, or at about 254 nm. However, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that the germicidal light source 106 may beconfigured to emit light at other suitable wavelengths.

The germicidal light source 106 may be any suitable type of lightsource, and may have any suitable specifications. In one variation, thegermicidal light source is a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL). Thegermicidal light source 106 may have any suitable wattage. For example,the germicidal light source 106 may have a wattage between about 0.1 Wand about 5 W, or between about 0.5 W and about 1.5 W. As otherexamples, the germicidal light source 106 may have a wattage greaterthan about 5 W, may have a wattage of about 0.5 W, may have a wattage ofabout 1 W, may have a wattage of about 1.5 W, may have a wattage ofabout 2 W, may have a wattage of about 3 W, may have a wattage of about4 W, may have a wattage of about 5 W, or may have other suitablewattages. The germicidal light source 106 may have any suitable strikingvoltage. For example, the striking voltage may be between about 50V_(rms) and about 1000 V_(rms), between about 200 V_(rms) and about 800V_(rms), between about 500 V_(rms) and about 700 V_(rms), about 500V_(rms), about 550 V_(rms), about 600 V_(rms), about 650 V_(rms), about700 V_(rms), about 750 V_(rms), or about 800 V_(rms). The germicidallight source 106 may have any suitable operating voltage. For example,the operating voltage may be between about 50 V_(rms) and about 500V_(rms), between about 100 V_(rms) and about 300 V_(rms), about 100V_(rms), about 150 V_(rms), about 200 V_(rms), about 250 V_(rms), orabout 300 V_(rms). The germicidal light source 106 may have any suitableoperating current. For example, the operating current may be about 5±3mA_(rms). In some of variations, the operating current may be about 5±1mA_(rms). In one particular variation, the germicidal light source 106may comprise a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) having a strikingvoltage of about 650 V_(rms), an operating voltage of about 200 V_(rms),an operating current of about 5±1 mA_(rms), and a wattage of about 1 W.

In some variations, the light assembly may be configured such that thegermicidal light source can be exchanged. For example, a firstgermicidal light source may be removed from the housing, and a secondgermicidal light source having a lesser or greater luminance may beinserted. This may be desirable, for example, to reconfigure agermicidal light source for use with a second contact surface that is ata different distance from the germicidal light source than a firstcontact surface, or to reconfigure a germicidal light source for usewith different operational parameters (e.g., shorter or longerdisinfection cycles). The germicidal light source may additionally oralternatively be configured such that the luminance of the germicidallight source may be electronically adjustable.

Generally, it may be desirable that the germicidal light source 106 emita minimum amount of light to adequately sterilize a desired surface overone or more disinfection cycles and/or periodic disinfection cycles(described in more detail herein). Using a germicidal light sourcehaving an intensity at or near the minimum effective intensity at thecontact surface may minimize risk associated with use of the system.Risks that may be minimized include human exposure during operation,such as due to reflection off of a surface or due to malfunctioning ofthe sensing and disabling features described herein. Lights having lowluminance may be less likely to reflect off a surface (e.g., a surfaceof a human interface device being disinfected) than lights having higherluminance.

In some variations, it may be desirable that the intensity of thegermicidal light source at the contact surface's farthest point from thegermicidal light source be between about 1 μW/cm² and about 3000 μW/cm²,between about 1 μW/cm² and about 200 μW/cm², between about 100 μW/cm²and about 1000 μW/cm², between about 1 μW/cm² and about 100 μW/cm²,between about 10 μW/cm² and about 15 μW/cm², between about 30 μW/cm² andabout 50 μW/cm², between about 10 μW/cm² and about 150 μW/cm², less thanabout 3000 μW/cm², less than about 2000 μW/cm², less than about 1000μW/cm², less than about 500 μW/cm², less than about 400 μW/cm², lessthan about 300 μW/cm², less than about 200 μW/cm², less than about 100μW/cm², less than about 80 μW/cm², less than about 60 μW/cm², less thanabout 40 μW/cm², or less than about 20 μW/cm².

In one example, the germicidal light source may have a luminance suchthat the intensity of light having a central wavelength (e.g., about 254nm) at given distances are of the magnitudes listed in Table 1 below:

TABLE 1 Intensity of Germicidal Light Source Distance from center ofgermicidal light Intensity source (inches) (μW/cm²) (approximate)(approximate)  1 2260  2  900  3  460  4  280  5  180  6  140  7  100  8 80  9  60 10  50 11  40 12  30 13  28 14  24 15  20 16  18 17  16 18 14 19  12 20  11 21   9 22   8 23   7 24   6 25   6 26   5 27   5 28  4 29   4 30   3

In some variations, the germicidal light source may have an intensity(e.g., an intensity at a central wavelength, such as a centralwavelength as described herein) at 10 inches from the center of thegermicidal light source of less than about 500 μW/cm², less than about400 μW/cm², less than about 300 μW/cm², less than about 200 μW/cm², lessthan about 100 μW/cm², less than about 80 μW/cm², less than about 60μW/cm², less than about 40 μW/cm², or less than about 20 μW/cm². In somevariations, the germicidal light source may have an intensity (e.g., anintensity at a central wavelength, such as a central wavelength asdescribed herein) at 5 inches from the center of the germicidal lightsource of less than about 500 μW/cm², less than about 400 μW/cm², lessthan about 300 μW/cm², less than about 200 μW/cm², less than about 100μW/cm², less than about 80 μW/cm², less than about 60 μW/cm², less thanabout 40 μW/cm², or less than about 20 μW/cm². In some variations, thegermicidal light source may have an intensity (e.g., an intensity at acentral wavelength, such as a central wavelength as described herein) at15 inches from the center of the germicidal light source of less thanabout 500 μW/cm², less than about 400 μW/cm², less than about 300μW/cm², less than about 200 μW/cm², less than about 100 μW/cm², lessthan about 80 μW/cm², less than about 60 μW/cm², less than about 40μW/cm², or less than about 20 μW/cm².

The desired luminosity of the germicidal light source in a particularvariation of the germicidal devices described herein may depend on anumber of factors, including but not limited to the distance between thegermicidal light source and the contact surface, the desireddisinfecting cycle duration and/or periodic disinfection cycle duration,and environmental factors (e.g., the existence of a particularpathogen). For instance, in situations in which the germicidal lightsource is located further from the contact surface, the desiredintensity may be higher and/or the exposure time may be longer than insituations in which the germicidal light source is located closer to thetarget area. Similarly, the desired luminance of the germicidal lightsource may be lower for longer exposure times (e.g., longer disinfectioncycle lengths and/or longer periodic cycle lengths), while the desiredluminance of the germicidal light source may be higher for shorterexposure times (e.g., shorter disinfection cycle lengths and/or shorterperiodic cycle lengths). The exposure time may be increased byincreasing the length of individual disinfection cycles or periodicdisinfecting cycles, or additionally or alternatively, by having anincreased number of cycles (e.g., by decreasing the periodic intervalbetween periodic disinfecting cycles), whose disinfection effects arecumulative, as is described in more detail herein.

The germicidal light source may be turned on and off by a controllersystem, as is described in more detail herein. Additionally oralternatively, the germicidal device may comprise one or more manualoverride buttons or switches configured to control the germicidal lightsource. For example, an override button may be an on button (i.e., abutton that turns on the disinfecting light source). As another example,an override button may be an off button (i.e., a button that turns offthe germicidal light source). In variations in which the germicidaldevice is connected to an associated human interface device havingsoftware configured to control the germicidal device, there may be oneor more override commands configured to control the germicidal lightsource (e.g., using the user interface of the software, a particularinput via a peripheral device (e.g., a key on a keyboard), or the like).

Proximity Sensor

The one or more sensors 108 of the germicidal device 100 may comprise aproximity sensor. The proximity sensor may be configured to detect whenan object (e.g., a person) is near the germicidal light source. That is,the proximity sensor may be configured to provide information regardingwhether a user is within an area receiving light from the germicidallight source when the germicidal light source is lit. In somevariations, the sensor may monitor an area larger than the areareceiving light from the germicidal light source, which may reduce therisk of inadvertent exposure.

In some variations, the proximity sensor may be a motion sensor. Forexample, the proximity sensor may be an active infrared sensor, apassive infrared sensor, a temperature sensor, an imager, the like, or acombination thereof. In the variation shown in FIG. 1A, the proximitysensor 108 may comprise a passive infrared sensor. In other variations,the proximity sensor may be configured to detect when at least a portionof an object (e.g., a person) is within the monitored area, but issubstantially motionless (e.g., a user's hands are on a keyboard withinthe monitored area, but not typing). For example, the proximity sensormay comprise one or more infrared transmitters that correspond to one ormore infrared receivers, such that a detection event is registered ifsubstantially all of the infrared light transmitted is not received bythe one or more infrared receivers.

Distance Sensor

The light assembly may optionally comprise a distance sensor. Invariations comprising a distance sensor, the distance sensor may be usedto determine a distance between the germicidal light source and thecontact surface. The determined distance may then be used to determinean appropriate luminance in order to achieve a desired intensity oflight from the germicidal light source at the contact surface, and/orother appropriate operational parameters (e.g., an appropriatedisinfection cycle or periodic disinfection cycle duration) in order toachieve a desired germicidal effect. In some of these variations, theluminance of the germicidal light source may be electronicallyadjustable in response to the distance determination. However, invariations that do not include a distance sensor, settings based onpreset values using expected operating conditions or settings from userinput may be utilized.

Alignment Light Source

The light assembly may optionally comprise an alignment light sourcethat may be configured to project a visible illumination pattern thatmay indicate the area illuminated by the germicidal light source. Thismay help align the germicidal device with the contact surface intendedto be disinfected. In some of these variations, the alignment lightsource may be configured to illuminate an area matching the areailluminated by the germicidal light source. In other variations, thealignment light source may be configured to generate one or more linearillumination markers indicating the area illuminated by the germicidallight source. For example, the alignment light source may comprise aLASER or any other suitable type of light source that may be configuredto illuminate a line that is approximately parallel to an edge (e.g., afront edge) of the area illuminated by the germicidal light source. Analignment light source may be placed on an underside of the housing, ormay be at least partially enclosed in the housing.

In some variations of the germicidal device comprising an alignmentlight source, when the germicidal device is initially connected to apower source, the alignment light source may generate an alignmentillumination pattern that may identify to the user the anticipatedillumination area of the germicidal light source, so that the germicidallight source may be directed towards a desired contact surface. Forinstance, the alignment light source may be activated for a period oftime (e.g., approximately 30 seconds) when the germicidal system isinitially powered on. Additionally or alternatively, the alignment lightsource may be activated each time the germicidal light source is turnedon, and/or the alignment light source may be activated via user control(e.g., via software or via a manual switch).

In some variations of the germicidal device comprising both a distancesensor and an alignment light source, the distance sensor and alignmentlight source may be configured to function together. For example, if thealignment light source is illuminated for an initial period of timeafter the germicidal device is connected to a power source, after thistime period has elapsed, the distance sensor may then be activated todetermine a distance between the germicidal light source and the contactsurface.

Work Lights

Returning to FIG. 1A, the light assembly 102 may further comprise one ormore work lights 110 for illuminating the contact surface. This may bedesirable in dark or dimly lit environments. In the variation shown inFIG. 1A, there may be two work lights 110 disposed on an underside ofthe housing 104, or at least partially enclosed therein, with oneadjacent to each end of the recess 116. In other variations, there maybe one, three, four, or more work lights. The operational parameters ofthe work lights may be adjusted to provide desired illumination (e.g.,to facilitate the visibility of a human interface device (e.g.,keyboard), to facilitate the performance of a task (e.g., reading) nearthe contact surface). The work lights may in some variations beautomated, while in other variations may be user controlled, asdescribed in more detail herein.

Indicator Lights

As shown in FIG. 1C, the light assembly 102 may comprise one or moreindicators 120. In some instances the one or more indicators 120 maycomprise an indicator light, which may be configured to emit light thatconveys information about the status of the system. When an indicator120 comprises an indicator light, the indicator light may comprise oneor a plurality of multi-colored LEDs, single-colored LEDs, incandescentlight sources with or without lenses configured to affect a color oflight output, the like, or a combination thereof. The indicator lightsmay have one or a plurality of colors (e.g., green, yellow, red, blue).As one example, the indicator light may comprise a three-color LED. Inother variations the indicator 120 may comprise a display screen.

The indicator 120 may be at least partially enclosed in the housing 104of the light assembly 102, or it may be located fully outside of thehousing. When the indicator 120 comprises an indicator light, theindicator light may in some cases be located within the housing 104behind a translucent portion of the housing, such that it may be seenfrom the outside of the housing. In some variations, the indicator maybe incorporated into a portion of a logo.

The indicator 120 may convey information. For example, the indicator 120may convey whether the germicidal light source is lit, a status of thecontact surface (e.g., contaminated, disinfected), an operatingparameter of the system, user input, connectivity status with a network,the like, or a combination thereof. As another example, in somevariations the indicator 120 may act as a progress display bar to givevisual feedback regarding current status in various timed modes (e.g.,by comprising a plurality of LEDs configured to illustrate the passageof a time period, such as the period elapsed in a disinfection cycle).In variations of germicidal devices comprising controls (e.g., buttons),the indicator 120 may indicate user input, such as use of a selectorbutton configured to toggle through available options.

By way of explanation and not limitation, in one variation, anilluminated green LED may indicate that the contact surface isdisinfected; an illuminated yellow LED may indicate that the contactsurface is contaminated, and an illuminated red LED may indicate thatthe germicidal light source is lit. In another variation, an illuminatedred LED may indicate detection of human interaction (e.g., detected byan interaction sensor as described herein) to indicate that the contactsurface has been contacted. An illuminated blue LED may indicate thatthe germicidal light source is lit. An illuminated green LED mayindicate that the contact surface has been disinfected.

Although the features are described above primarily with respect to thevariation of germicidal device shown in FIGS. 1A-1C, it should beappreciated that the germicidal devices described herein may have otherconfigurations, which may have some or all of the components describedabove. For example, another variation of a germicidal device is shown inFIGS. 8A-8H. As seen in detail in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the germicidal device800 may comprise a housing 806 defining an aperture, and an adjustablemount 810. The adjustable mount 810 may extend from the housing 806 andbe configured to removably hold the germicidal device 800 in placerelative to a contact surface. The germicidal device 800 may comprise agermicidal light source 812 (e.g., a UV light source) that may be atleast partially enclosed within the housing 806. The germicidal lightsource 812 may be configured to project an illumination pattern at leastpartially defined by the aperture and the position of the adjustablemount 810, such that the illumination pattern may substantiallycorrespond to a contact surface to be disinfected (e.g., a portion of ahuman interface device). The germicidal device 800 may comprise one ormore sensors, wherein the one or more sensors may be configured todetect an object proximate to the housing and/or an interaction with thehuman interface device. The germicidal device 800 may optionallycomprise one or more user controls, such as a toggle button 823, whichmay, for example, allow a user to control one or more operationalparameters (e.g., toggle between different delay period settings); andmay optionally comprise one or more indicator lights 822. The indicatorlights 822 may convey information to the user, such as the informationdescribed above with respect to indicator 120 of germicidal device 100.The germicidal device 800 may be connected to a power source and/or ahuman interface device via any suitable connection, such as a USB port824.

Exemplary Components

Turning now to FIG. 11, shown there is an exploded view of a variationof a germicidal device (which may be similar to germicidal device 100)without its external housing. As depicted there, the germicidal device1100 may comprise a germicidal light assembly 1102, proximity sensorassembly 1104, an indicator light (not shown) that emits light throughlight pipe 1114, and a controller system 1106. Optionally, the device1100 may comprise one or more work lights 1109. The germicidal lightassembly 1102 may comprise a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) 1108,a bulb contact assembly 1110, and a light reflector 1112. The proximitysensor assembly 1104 may comprise a passive infrared (PIR) sensor 1116and a Fresnel lens 1118 disposed over the PIR sensor. The proximitysensor assembly 1104 may optionally comprise a PIR sensor spacer 1111 tohelp secure and position the PIR sensor 1116. The controller system 1106may be in communication with the germicidal light assembly, proximitysensor assembly, and any work lights, as further explained and depictedin FIG. 13. The controller system 1106 may comprise a printed circuitboard (PCB) substrate 1113 upon which a microprocessor or controller ismounted, along with the electrical connections to the light assembly andthe proximity sensor assembly, as well as the electrical components thatsupport those connections (not shown here but explained and depictedbelow in FIG. 13). The controller system 1006, disinfecting lightassembly 1102, and proximity sensor assembly 1104 may be mechanicallycoupled together using any suitable means, such as screws 1118.

FIG. 12A is a block diagram representation of the components and modulesthat support one variation of a germicidal device (which may be similarto germicidal device 100 and/or germicidal device 1100 and/or any of thegermicidal devices described herein). The germicidal device 1200 may beattachable to a computer (or any of the human interface devicesdescribed herein) via a USB port. The germicidal device 1200 maycomprise a processor/controller 1208, a germicidal light assembly 1202connected to the controller 1208, a motion sensor module 1204 connectedto the controller 1208, an indicator 1206, and one or more user inputelements 1210. The indicator 1206 may comprise one or more indicatorlights, such as three LEDs having three different colors (e.g., red,green or yellow, blue) that may notify the user of the status of thegermicidal device 1200 (e.g., whether it is on or off, its disinfectionstatus, such as whether it is currently disinfecting or about tocommence the disinfecting process, etc.). The controller 1208 isprogrammed to drive the disinfecting light assembly 1202 as describedelsewhere herein. The inputs to the controller 1208 may comprise userinputs 1210. These user inputs may be commands that include powering thegermicidal device 1200 on or off, initiating a disinfection processimmediately, or setting a delay time for starting a disinfection process(e.g., the duration of the time interval after a detection event beforedisinfection starts). These inputs may comprise buttons, dials,switches, and/or may use touch-screen technology. The proximity sensor1204 also provides an input to the controller 1208, relaying dataregarding the presence or absence of an object (e.g. a person's hands orfingers) within the sensor's field of view. Some proximity sensors mayalso relay data to the controller regarding detected motion in its scanregion.

FIG. 12B is a block diagram of another variation of a germicidal device1220 that is similar to the germicidal device 1200 of FIG. 12A (and mayalso be similar to germicidal device 100 and/or germicidal device 1100).As depicted there, germicidal device 1220 may comprise aprocessor/controller 1228, a disinfecting light assembly 1222 connectedto the controller 1228, a motion sensor module 1224 connected to thecontroller 1228, and an indicator 1226. The germicidal device 1220 maybe similar to the device 1200, but does not have any user input elementsand the indicator 1226 comprises a single light element that isconfigured to emit multiple wavelengths of light (e.g., red, green,blue). The light element may comprise multiple LEDs that are packagedtogether, with each of the LEDs configured to emit differentwavelengths. Additional description of the circuitry that supports thefunctionality of the germicidal devices depicted in FIGS. 12A-12B (aswell as the germicidal devices described elsewhere) is provided below.

FIGS. 13-15 are circuit schematics of one variation of a germicidaldevice. The circuit components depicted in FIGS. 13-15 and/or theirelectrical ports/contacts may be mounted on a PCB substrate, such as thePCB substrate 1113 depicted in FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is a circuit diagramthat depicts the connectivity between a microcontroller 1302, indicators1304 a,b,c comprising LEDs, work lights 1306 a,b comprising LEDs, and aUSB port 1310 (e.g., a mini-USB port). Also depicted in FIG. 13 is theelectrical interface 1318 to the proximity sensor assembly (the detailsof which are depicted in FIG. 14) and the electrical interface 1321 tothe DC-to-AC inverter assembly that drive the germicidal light source(the details of which are depicted in FIG. 15). It should be appreciatedthat the indicators may be any suitable light source, and are notlimited to LEDs. The microcontroller 1302 may have one or more programsstored in its memory, where the programs are configured to execute thefunctions of the germicidal device, as described throughout thisspecification. For example, the microcontroller 1302 may be programmedto activate the work LEDs 1306 a,b according to user-issued commands viasoftware (described in more detail herein) and to activate theindicators 1304 a,b,c to indicate the operational mode and/or state ofthe device (e.g., germicidal light on, disinfected). Power to thegermicidal device may be provided via the USB port 1310, and/or abattery.

In some variations, a germicidal device may comprise one or moreprogramming interfaces. For example, a germicidal device may comprise afirst programming interface that is accessible only when the housing ofthe germicidal device is removed and a second programming interface thatis accessible via a port on the housing. The first programming interfacemay be used during manufacturing to program the microcontroller with thebasic functions of the germicidal device, and the second programminginterface may be used to program the microcontroller with userpreferences and/or operating programs that overlay the basic functions.The second programming interface may be restricted such that the coreprograms of the microcontroller are not re-programmable by an end user,but may permit the user to load or modify programs regardingdisinfection cycle duration and the like. Limiting user-accessibility tothe first programming interface may help to prevent an end-user fromdeleting or corrupting the core programs that drive the basic functionsof the germicidal device (e.g., the signal levels and timing that drivethe indicator light(s), germicidal light, etc.). FIG. 13 depicts onevariation of a programming interface 1312 that may be used to programthe microcontroller during the device manufacturing process, and doesnot have an electrical port that is accessible via the housing of thedevice. The programming interface 1312 may be connected to themicrocontroller via ports and connections 1313. The user-accessibleprogramming port may comprise the USB port 1310. Thesoftware-implemented user interface may permit the user to selectcertain modes and preferences for operating the germicidal device, asdescribed in more detail herein.

FIG. 14 depicts one variation of the circuitry of the proximity sensorassembly 1400. The proximity sensor assembly 1400 may comprise a PIRcontroller 1402 and a PR sensor 1404. The output of the proximity sensorassembly 1400 from the PR controller 1402 drives the electricalinterface 1318 to the germicidal device microcontroller 1302. The outputof the proximity sensor assembly 1400 provides data regarding whether anobject is within the field-of-view of the PIR sensor 1404.

FIG. 15 depicts one variation of the circuitry of the DC-to-AC inverterassembly 1500 that drives the germicidal light source 1502. Manygermicidal light sources, such as CCFLs, use AC power, and such aninverter assembly may be used to convert the board level DC power supplyto AC power for the CCFL. As depicted in FIGS. 13 and 15, the devicemicrocontroller 1302 provides power-on commands to the DC-to-AC inverterassembly 1500 via electrical interface 1321. The command signals fromthe interface 1321 activate a buffer or driver 1504, which may thensupply DC power 1501 (board power) to the transformer 1506, whichconverts the DC power to AC power, thereby powering the germicidal lightsource 1502. Optionally, the DC-to-AC inverter assembly 1500 may alsocomprise current sensor circuitry 1508 that provides a feedback signalto the device microcontroller 1302 via interface 1322. The currentsensor circuitry 1508 detects the electrical current across the lightsource 1502, which is directly correlated to whether the germicidallight source is lit or not. If the current data is not consistent withwhat the microcontroller is expecting (i.e., the microcontroller hassent a command to activate the light source, but the current dataindicates that the light source is not lit, or the light source shouldnot be lit, but the current data indicates that the light source islit), then an error message may be generated and presented to the user(e.g., to check the bulb, check the connections on the device, submit aservice request, etc.).

Although FIGS. 13-15 depict circuitry with specific connections betweenthe electrical components, it should be understood that these particularelectrical connections and circuits may vary depending on the electricalrequirements of the germicidal light source, the available voltagesupply (e.g., 5 V, 3.3 V, 1.8 V, etc.), desired operating speed, PCBsizing and layering, noise sources, and selected microcontroller ICchips, etc. For example, the filtering and amplification circuitsdepicted in FIGS. 13-15 may vary depending on the tolerance of aselected microcontroller to noise.

Mounting Assembly

The light assemblies described herein may be mounted relative to acontact surface via one or more mounting assemblies. The lightassemblies may be attached to any number of suitable human interfacedevices, such as but not limited to a touchscreen display, a credit cardpayment device, a grocery store self-checkout aisle interface, apoint-of-sale device, a cash register, a keyboard or a mouse, a laptop,or the like. The light assemblies described herein may also be mountedon a stand, which may hold the light assembly near a contact surface tobe disinfected.

The germicidal device 100 shown in FIGS. 1A-1C comprises one variationof a mount 112. As shown in more detail in FIGS. 2A-2C, the mount 112may comprise support member 122 and support member 124, which may beconnected to the rear of the housing 104. The support members 122, 124may be substantially flat and may extend to connect with an engagementmember 126 that may be configured to engage and/or mate with areceptacle housing. The support members 122, 124 may form a gap and/orspace between them. This gap may create an attractive appearance and/ormay reduce the overall weight of the mount 112.

The engagement member 126 may include a top edge 128 that may connectwith the support members 122, 124. The engagement member 126 may includean upper section 130 that may extend into a tapered body portion 132.The tapered body portion 132 may extend substantially orthogonally fromthe support members 122, 124. At the second end of the engagement member126, the tapered body portion 132 may include a lower edge 134 that maybe smaller in size than the top edge 128. Although shown with roundedcorners, the lower edge 134 may also have square corners depending onthe locking mechanism. At one side of the engagement member 126, anotched section 136 may be positioned substantially midway between thetop edge 128 and lower edge 134. Although shown as a roundedsemicircular notch, the notched section 136 may take the form of othershapes or appearances depending on the locking mechanism.

As seen in FIGS. 2A-2C, the germicidal device 100 may comprise areceptacle housing 138 that may be sized and shaped to accept theengagement member 126 into an opening 140 at the top portion of thereceptacle housing. When the engagement member 126 is positioned withinthe receptacle housing 138, the lower edge 134 of the engagement membermay extend into the receptacle housing to the lower edge 142 of thereceptacle housing. The size and shape of the engagement member 126 maysubstantially match the internal size and configuration of thereceptacle housing 138. In order to prevent the engagement member 126from being retracted from the receptacle housing 138, the notchedsection 136 may align with a latch 144 positioned on one side of thereceptacle housing. The latch 144 may be movable and adjustable so thata protuberance 146 on one side of the latch may make mating contact withthe notched section 136 while the engagement member 126 is within thereceptacle housing 138. As shown in FIGS. 2B-2C, the latch 144 mayrotate about point 148 between an open position (FIG. 2B) and a closedposition (FIG. 2C). When in the closed position, the protuberance 146may mate and/or engage within the notched section 136 so as to hold theengagement member 126 into a fixed position. The protuberance 146 mayfrictionally engage in the notched section 136 for preventing theengagement member 126 from being retracted from the open portion 140 ofthe receptacle housing 138.

An outer surface of the receptacle housing 138 may include a fastener,such as but not limited to an adhesive tape, hook and loop fastener, orthe like, that may enable the receptacle housing 138 to stick, adhere,and/or be mechanically fastened to another surface in order to be heldin a fixed position when mounted to a surface, such as an outsidehousing of a laptop. In this way, the light assembly 102 may bereversibly attachable to another surface. When the light assembly 102 isattached to the receptacle housing 138, it may be removed from thereceptacle housing by rotating the latch 144 from the closed position tothe open position, which may allow the engagement member 138 of themount 112 to be removed from the receptacle housing 138.

Laptop Mount

FIG. 3A is a front elevational view illustrating the germicidal device100 attached to a laptop computer for use in disinfecting the keyboardof the laptop computer. The germicidal device 100 may be mounted to theouter surface of the laptop computer case behind the liquid crystaldisplay (LCD) 302 via a surface of the receptacle housing 138. As shown,the receptacle housing 138 may be adhered to an outer surface of apersonal computer (PC) or tablet for enabling the light assembly 102 toextend over the laptop's LCD onto a keyboard 304 and surface 306.

In some instances, it may be desirable that a mounting assembly for usewith a laptop be configured to allow the light assembly to flexbackwards and facilitate full closure of a laptop computer. FIGS. 3B-3Cshow one exemplary mounting assembly that is configured to allow thereceptacle housing to flex backwards. In the variation shown there, areceptacle housing 310 may be rotatably connected at its distal end to apanel 312. The panel 312 may in turn be configured to be attached to ahuman interface device. The panel 312 may be configured to be attachedto the rear surface of a laptop 314, which may allow the receptaclehousing 310, and in turn the germicidal device 100, to flex backwardsrelative to the laptop 314. FIG. 3B depicts the mounting assembly in afirst configuration, in which the receptacle housing 310 is adjacent tothe panel 312, such that the germicidal light source of the germicidaldevice 100 is configured to project onto the contact surface (e.g.,keyboard 316 and/or touchpad 318) of the laptop 314. FIG. 3C depicts themounting assembly in a second configuration, in which the receptaclehousing 310 is rotated away from the panel 312. In the secondconfiguration, the front edge of the germicidal device 100 is flush withthe bottom of the laptop 314, and the receptacle housing 310 is rotatedaway from the panel 312. This may allow the laptop 314 to be fullyclosed with the germicidal device 100 attached while the laptop is on aflat surface. It should be appreciated that the receptacle housing 310may be rotatable relative to the panel 312 via any suitable means. Forexample, the receptacle housing 310 and panel 312 may be attached via apin joint. In some variations, the receptacle housing 310 may be biasedtoward the panel 312 (e.g., via a torsion spring).

Table Stand

FIGS. 5A-5D and 6A-6E illustrate the germicidal device 100 used inconnection with a table stand 500. The table stand 500 may be used, forexample, in situations where objects such as tablets, keyboards, mice,or the like may be placed under the germicidal device on a flat surface,such as a table top. The table stand 500 may comprise a mounting shaft502 having an opening 504 at its top edge. The mounting shaft 502 mayconnect at a lower end to a surface stand 506. Although the surfacestand 506 is shown in a U-shaped configuration, other configurations ofthe legs (e.g., V-shaped, H-shaped, X-shaped configurations, etc.) arealso possible. When in use in a table top environment, the engagementmember 126 of germicidal device 100 may be inserted into the opening504. In some variations, the surface stand 506 may be secured to asurface or other object via an adhesive or other means. For example, thesurface stand 506 may be adhered to the bottom of a keyboard via anadhesive connecting the top of the surface stand 506 and the bottom ofthe keyboard (as shown in FIGS. 6A-6B, discussed in more detail below).

The table stand 500 may have any suitable dimensions. Turning to FIGS.5B-5D, it may be desirable for the table stand 500 to have a height Hsuch that the disinfecting light of the germicidal device 100 is adesired distance from a contact surface to be disinfected. In someinstances, the height H may be between about 5 inches and about 15inches, about 5 inches and about 10 inches, between about 10 inches andabout 15 inches, less than about 5 inches, or more than about 15 inches.More particularly, in some instances the height may be between about 7inches and about 8 inches. It may be desirable for the dimensions of thesurface stand 506 to be such that the table stand 500 is able to providestable support for the germicidal device 100. In some instances, thedepth D may be between about 2 inches and about 10 inches. Moreparticularly, in some instances the width may be about 4 inches. In someinstances, the largest width W2 of the surface stand 506 may be betweenabout 5 inches and about 20 inches. More particularly, in some instancesthe width W2 may be about 10 inches. FIGS. 6A-6E show the resultingdisinfection area using the germicidal device 100 with table stand 500,with a keyboard (602) (FIG. 6B) or a mouse (604) (FIGS. 6C-6E). As shownthere, when the table stand 500 has a height of about 7.25 inches, thegermicidal light source may project light onto an area A having a depthDA from the front of the mounting shaft of the table stand of about 10inches, and a width WA of about 20 inches.

Mouse Holder

In some instances, the germicidal device may be used with a mountingassembly configured to receive an object comprising a contact surface,such as a surface of a peripheral device of a human interface device.That is, the mounting assembly may be shaped to form a receptacle withinwhich an object can be placed. The germicidal light source may be fixedrelative to the receptacle, such that when the object is placed withinthe receptacle, the contact surface is at a location that is illuminatedby a lit germicidal light source.

An example is shown in FIGS. 4A-4B. These figures illustrate agermicidal device 100 used in connection with a mounting assemblycomprising a receptacle 400 configured to receive a mouse. Thereceptacle 400 may be configured to hold a mouse 402 within theillumination area of the germicidal light source of the germicidaldevice 100. The receptacle 400 may comprise a surface 404 configured tosupport the mouse 402. The receptacle may optionally comprise featuresconfigured to help secure the object in place after being placed intothe receptacle, and/or to guide proper placement into the receptacle.For example, the receptacle 400 may optionally comprise sides 406 toassist in holding the mouse 402 in place, and additionally oralternatively may comprise an opening 410 configured to allow passage ofa mouse cord, which may help to guide proper placement of the mouse intothe receptacle and to help hold the mouse in place within thereceptacle.

The mounting assembly of FIGS. 4A-4B may comprise an extension attachedto the light assembly 102 of the germicidal device 100, such that thegermicidal light source is at a fixed location relative to thereceptacle 400. For example, an extension 408 may extend at a rightangle from the surface 404. This first end of the extension 408 may beattached to or integrally formed with the receptacle 400. A second endof the extension 408 may be attached to or integrally formed with thehousing 104 of the light assembly 102. The extension 408 may comprise abend 412 between the first and second ends such that the germicidallight source is directed toward the surface 404. As such, when the mouse402 is placed into the receptacle 400 by being placed onto the surface404, the germicidal light source is configured to project onto the mouse402.

A mounting assembly comprising a receptacle to receive a contact surfacemay have any suitable configuration in order to removably hold a contactsurface at a fixed location relative to the germicidal lights source,and may be configured to have a desired distance between the germicidallight source and the contact surface. For example, the extension 408 ofthe mounting assembly of FIGS. 4A-4B may be configured such that thedistance between the germicidal light source and a top surface of amouse is between about 1 inch and about 10 inches; between about 2inches and about 8 inches, between about 1 inch and about 5 inches,between about 5 inches and about 10 inches, about 2 inches, about 4inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, or about 10 inches, or more thanabout 10 inches.

The mounting assembly may optionally be configured to be attached toanother object (e.g., a countertop, a cart, or the like). For example,the receptacle 400 may optionally be secured to a surface (e.g., securedto a desktop via screws). As shown, the receptacle 400 may comprise amounting lip 414 comprising one or more mounting holes (here, twomounting holes) configured to receive screws. In one variation, themounting lip 414 may be secured to the back of a mounting surface 416(e.g., a keyboard platform of a desk or cart), such that the surface 404extends at a downward angle from the back of the mounting surface 416,as shown in FIG. 4B.

Point-of-Sale Device Mount

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate perspective and side views, respectively, of thegermicidal device 100 used with a point-of-sale device mount 700. Asshown in there, the housing 702 may be connected to a support member 704having an angled section 706. The angled section 706 may extendapproximately at a 45 degree angle downwardly from the support member704, where it may extend outwardly to form attachment members 708 and710 having a gap therebetween. Attachment members 708, 710 may besubstantially parallel to the support member 704, and may form anorthogonal notch with attachment member 712. This orthogonal notch maybe used for fastening the adjustable attachment device to a top edge ofan object, such as a point-of-sale device. As seen in FIG. 7B, there maybe adhesive material (e.g., tape, a portion of a hook and loop fastener)on the underside surfaces of the attachment members 708, 710, and 712,which may be used to attach the mount 700 to an edge of a point-of-saledevice. When held in a fixed position by the mount 700, the germicidaldevice 100 may be configured to disinfect the touch surfaces of thepoint-of-sale device.

FIG. 7C illustrates a perspective view of the germicidal device 100 usedwith the mount 700 of FIGS. 7A-7C on a point-of-sale system. Thepoint-of-sale system may comprise a first checkout device 716 having acontact surface, here a touchscreen 718. At the upper portion of thefirst checkout device 716, the germicidal device 100 may be attached byfixing the orthogonal notch of the mount 700 to an upper edge of thecheckout device 716. This may allow the germicidal device 100 to projectlight downwardly onto the surface of the touchscreen 718. Similarly, asecond checkout device 714 used for payment may also have a germicidaldevice 100 attached at an upper surface via a mount 700. This may allowthe second germicidal device 100 to project light downwardly onto thecontact buttons of the checkout device 714.

In some other variations of mounts configured for use with point-of-saledevices, a mount and/or the housing of the germicidal device 100 may beconfigured reduce the accessibility of the germicidal device 100 to auser. For example, an additional casing or shell may extend at leastpartially around the germicidal device 100 to provide additionalprotection. In variations of germicidal devices comprising controls orswitches, the mount and/or housing may be configured to reduce theaccessibility of the controls or switches to a user.

It should be appreciated that the germicidal devices described hereinmay be attached to or near any suitable contact surface, using themounting assemblies described herein, or using other mountingassemblies. As other examples, FIGS. 8C-8H show the germicidal device800 of FIGS. 8A-8B mounted on various human interface devices, such as alaptop (824) (FIG. 8C), a monitor (826) (FIG. 8D), point-of-sale systems(828) (FIG. 8E-8F), a cash register (830) (FIG. 8G), and a keyboard(832) and mouse (834) (FIG. 8H). It should be appreciated that any ofthe mounting assemblies may be configured to be used with any of thegermicidal devices described herein, and similarly, any of thegermicidal devices described herein may be used with any of the humaninterface devices, peripheral devices, and other contact surfacesdescribed herein. Additionally, in other variations, a germicidal device900 may be integrated with a human interface device. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 9, a germicidal system may be integrated with thehuman interface device 902 (e.g., a laptop computer). As shown there,one or more germicidal light sources 904 and one or more proximitysensors 908 may be integrated at the top of the laptop screen anddirected towards the keyboard and touchpad area 906. However, it shouldbe appreciated that the germicidal light source 904 and/or the sensor908 may be located at any suitable location (e.g., on different sides ofthe LCD screen, the top, the bottom, or a combination thereof, so longas the germicidal light source 904 may adequately project germicidallight on the contact area and the proximity sensor has an appropriatefield of view.

Disinfection Methods

Generally, the disinfection methods described herein may allow fordisinfection of a contact surface after contact has occurred between auser and the contact surface. The protocols may allow for cessation ofany active disinfection cycle when a human is near or within theillumination area. In some variations disinfection methods may alsoallow for periodic disinfection of a surface, even when contact has notoccurred between a user and the contact surface.

Generally, in order to implement the disinfection protocols describedherein, the germicidal systems may comprise a sensing system configuredto detect human presence or activity. The sensing system may have twoprimary functions. First, the sensing system may be configured todetermine when a contact surface should be disinfected. For example, thesensing system may be configured to determine when a user has interactedwith a human interface device (e.g., when a human has pressed keys on akeyboard of a computer, when a human has moved a computer mouse orpressed one of its buttons, when a human has touched a touchscreen, orthe like). Second, the sensing system may determine when a person isnear or in the irradiation area of the germicidal light source, in orderto prevent human exposure to irradiation.

The sensing system may comprise one or more sensors. As described above,the germicidal devices described herein may comprise one or moreproximity sensors. Additionally or alternatively, the germicidal systemsdescribed herein may comprise one or more sensors configured to detectinteraction with a human interface device. A human interface device maybe any electronic device that has a wired or wireless connection with agermicidal device, is configured to interact or interface with thegermicidal device (e.g., by having germicidal software installed on thehuman interface device), and that comprises a contact surface or has aperipheral device with a contact surface that is to be disinfected bythe germicidal device. The interaction sensor(s) may be integrated intothe human interface device (e.g., via software) in order to receiveinformation from existing inputs. Input may include inputs fromperipheral devices, such as moving a mouse or pressing a key on akeyboard, or from touching a touchpad or touchscreen, or the like. Invariations in which the keyboard and/or mouse are peripheral devices ofa human interface device, the detection of interaction may becommunicated to the processor utilizing a USB connection, other suitablewired or wireless communication connection, or a combination thereof. Insome instances, the detection of activity through an interaction sensormay indicate that the contact surface may have become dirty or infected,and may prompt the start of a disinfection period, as described indetail herein. As such, software monitoring for interaction lends to anumber of advantages, including limiting unnecessary germicidal lightuse and performing the task of disinfection shortly after the time whenpathogens may be introduced onto the contact surface. Additionally oralternatively, the detection of activity through an interaction sensormay indicate the presence of a user, and thus may indicate that thegermicidal light source should be turned off in order to avoid exposure.

It should be appreciated that the sensing systems described herein maycomprise more than one sensor of any type. For example, a system maycomprise more than one sensor to detect interaction with a humaninterface device (e.g., a sensor to detect keyboard input and a sensorto detect mouse clicks). Additionally or alternatively, the system maycomprise more than one sensor to detect human proximity (e.g., sensorslocated in different locations, different types of proximity sensors).The output of these sensors may be combined in a disinfection protocolin any suitable manner. For instance, in a variation having two sensorsto detect interaction and two sensors to detect proximity, only one ofthe sensors to detect interaction may trigger a disinfection cycle,while the other three sensors may trigger the germicidal light source tobe turned off, as explained in detail herein.

Single-Mode Sensing Systems

In one variation of the sensing systems described herein, the sensingsystem may be a “single-mode” system—that is, it may comprise only onetype of sensor. In one variation, the single-mode sensing systems may be“standalone” sensing systems that do not rely on input into a humaninteraction device or its peripherals. For example, a standalone sensingsystem may comprise one or more proximity sensors, and no interactionsensors. Germicidal devices having such a “standalone” single-modesensing systems not relying on input into a human interaction device maybe used, for example, with non-electronic contact surfaces, such ascountertops, sinks, doorknobs, and the like. As another example,germicidal devices having such a standalone sensing system may be usedwith electronic contact surfaces for which software integration is notfeasible or is not desirable, such as tablet computers, point-of-salesystems, kiosks, automated teller machines, biometric scanners,electronic keypads, infusion pumps or other medical equipment, and thelike. In both instances, germicidal devices having a standalone sensingsystem may be configured to be wirelessly connected to a network and/oradministrator interface. This may allow information to be sent to andfrom the germicidal devices. In contrast to germicidal devices connectedto a human interface device and controllable via software on the humaninterface device, germicidal devices having standalone sensing systemsmay be controlled (e.g., have operational parameters changed, have datacollected or analyzed) using an administrator interface via a wirelessconnection to a network, as described in more detail herein.

In one variation of a germicidal device having a standalone sensingsystem comprising one or more proximity sensors, the germicidal devicemay be configured to respond to a detection event by a proximity sensor.The germicidal device may be configured such that a detection eventwhile the disinfecting light is off may start the beginning of a delayperiod preceding a disinfection cycle, because such a detection eventmay indicate that the contact surface may have been touched. A detectionevent during the delay period may reset the delay period to restart atits beginning. A detection event while the germicidal light source is onmay result in the germicidal light source being turned off, because sucha detection event may indicate that a person is within the illuminationarea of the germicidal light source.

An exemplary disinfection method for a germicidal device comprising astandalone sensing system is shown in FIG. 10A. The method may beginwhen a timer starts (1000). If a proximity sensor detects an event(1002), the delay period begins. If a proximity sensor detects an eventduring the delay period (1004), the delay period resets. If the fulldelay period has elapsed without a detection event (1006), thegermicidal light source turns on, and the disinfection cycle starts(1008). During the disinfection cycle, if a proximity sensor detects anevent (1010), the germicidal light source turns off (1012). If thedisinfection cycle duration has elapsed (1014) without a detectionevent, the germicidal light source turns off at its completion (1012).This results in a completed disinfection cycle (1018). At the completionof the disinfection cycle, the timer resets (1000).

The disinfection method of FIG. 10A may also comprise a periodicdisinfecting function. This periodic disinfection function may have theeffect of a “deep cleaning” by turning the germicidal light source onfor a duration longer than the standard disinfection cycle. In thevariation shown in FIG. 10A, if a complete disinfection cycle occurs, acountdown to the next periodic cycle may reset. As such, a periodiccycle may occur when a periodic interval has elapsed since the lastcompleted disinfection cycle or periodic cycle. More specifically, oncethe timer starts or resets (1000), if the periodic interval elapses(1020), the germicidal light source turns on, and the periodic cyclebegins (1022). A periodic cycle, like a standard disinfection cycle, maybe interrupted by a detection event. If a proximity sensor detects anevent (1024) during the periodic cycle, the germicidal light source isturned off (1026). If the complete periodic cycle duration has elapsed(1028) without a detection event, the germicidal light source turns offat its completion (1026). This results in a completed periodic cycle,and the timer resets (1000). Although in the method shown in FIG. 10Athe countdown to the next periodic cycle resets if a completedisinfection cycle occurs, it should be appreciated that in othervariations, a periodic cycle may occur each time a given periodicinterval has elapsed, regardless of when or whether a standarddisinfection cycle has occurred.

Dual-Mode Sensing Systems

In other variations of the sensing systems described herein, the sensingsystem may be a “dual-mode” system—that is, it may comprise two types ofsensors. In one variation of a dual-mode sensing system, the sensingsystem may comprise one or more proximity sensors and one or moreinteraction sensors. Germicidal devices having such a dual-mode sensingsystem comprising one or more proximity sensors and one or moreinteraction sensors may be used, for example, with contact surfaces thatare part of or near a human interface device having software (describedin more detail herein) installed to interface with the germicidaldevice. The one or more interaction sensors of the sensing system may beconfigured to detect interaction with a human interface device or withone or more of its peripheral devices. For example, the interactionsensors may be configured to detect input via a keyboard (e.g., pressinga key on a keyboard), via a mouse (e.g., moving a mouse, clicking abutton on a mouse, rotating a scroll wheel on a mouse), a trackpad(e.g., touching a trackpad), a touchscreen (e.g., touching thetouchscreen), and/or the like. Information from the one or moreinteraction sensors may be used, along with information from theproximity sensor, by the sensing system. It should be appreciated thatin other variations, the sensing systems described herein may comprisemore than two types of sensors (e.g., three types of sensors).

A germicidal device having a dual-mode sensing system comprising one ormore proximity sensors and one or more interaction sensors may beconfigured such that there is one type of detection event that may leadto disinfection (detection of interaction), while there may be two typesof detection events that may lead to cessation of an ongoingdisinfection cycle (detection of proximity or interaction). This sensingsystem may thus minimize risk of exposure to the germicidal light sourceby disinfecting in response to user contact with a device, while usingboth types of sensors to turn off the disinfection light if humanpresence is detected. Put another way, the germicidal device may beconfigured such that an interaction detection event while the germicidallight source is off may start the beginning of a delay period precedinga disinfection cycle. However, the germicidal device may be configuredsuch that a proximity detection event while the germicidal light sourceis off may not start the beginning of a delay period preceding adisinfection cycle. During the delay period, the germicidal device maybe configured such that either a proximity or interaction detectionevent may reset the delay period to restart at its beginning. Similarly,while the germicidal light source is on, the germicidal light source maybe turned off if there is either a proximity or interaction detectionevent. Generally speaking, this may result in a disinfection protocol inwhich the interaction sensor may monitor for interaction with a humaninterface device via one or more inputs such as a keyboard, mouse,trackpad, or touchscreen. If surface contact is detected by theinteraction sensor, after a delay period has passed, the germicidallight source may be turned on. While the germicidal light source is on,both the proximity sensor and interaction sensor may continue tooperate. If either sensor registers a detection event (i.e., if a persontouches the human interface device or comes near it), the germicidallight source may turn off. If neither sensor registers a detectionevent, the disinfection cycle may continue to completion.

An exemplary disinfection method for a germicidal device comprising adual-mode sensing system comprising one or more proximity sensors andone or more interaction sensors is shown in FIG. 10B. The method maybegin when a timer starts (1050). If an interaction sensor detects anevent (1052), the delay period begins. If during the delay period thereis a detection event by either a proximity sensor or an interactionsensor (1054), the delay period resets. If the full delay period haselapsed without a detection event (1056), the germicidal light sourceturns on, and the disinfection cycle starts (1058). During thedisinfection cycle, if either a proximity sensor or an interactionsensor detects an event (1060), the germicidal light source turns off.If a proximity sensor detects an event during the disinfection cycle,the disinfection cycle pauses: that is, the germicidal light sourceturns off temporarily for a delay period, and if neither type of sensordetects an event during the delay period, the disinfection cycle resumes(not shown in FIG. 10B). If an interaction sensor detects an eventduring the disinfection cycle, the germicidal light source turns off(1062), the timer resets (1000), and a new delay period prior to adisinfection cycle is started (1052). If the disinfection cycle durationelapses (1064) without a detection event, the germicidal light sourceturns off at its completion (1062). This results in a completeddisinfection cycle (1068). At the completion of the disinfection cycle,the timer resets (1000).

Like the disinfection method of FIG. 10A, the disinfection method ofFIG. 10B may also comprise a periodic disinfecting function. Thisperiodic disinfection function may have the effect of a “deep cleaning”by turning the germicidal light source on for a duration longer than thestandard disinfection cycle. In the variation shown in FIG. 10B, if acomplete disinfection cycle occurs, a countdown to the next periodiccycle may reset. As such, a periodic cycle may occur when a periodicinterval has elapsed since the last completed disinfection cycle orperiodic cycle. More specifically, once the timer starts or resets(1050), if the periodic interval elapses (1070), the germicidal lightsource turns on, and the periodic cycle begins (1072). A periodic cycle,like a standard disinfection cycle, may be interrupted by a detectionevent. If an event is detected by a proximity sensor or an interactionsensor during the periodic cycle (1074), the germicidal light source isturned off. If a proximity sensor detects and event during the periodiccycle, the periodic cycle pauses: that is, the germicidal light sourceturns off temporarily for a delay period, and if neither type of sensordetects and event during the delay period, the periodic cycle resumes(not shown in FIG. 10B). If an interaction sensor detects an eventduring a periodic cycle, the germicidal light source turns off (1076),and the timer resets (1000). If instead the complete periodic cycleduration has elapsed (1078) without a detection event, the germicidallight source turns off at its completion (1076). This results in acompleted periodic cycle, and the timer resets (1000). Although in themethod shown in FIG. 10B the countdown to the next periodic cycle resetsif a complete disinfection cycle occurs, it should be appreciated thatin other variations, a periodic cycle may occur each time a givenperiodic interval has elapsed, regardless of when or whether a standarddisinfection cycle has occurred.

It should be appreciated that when the germicidal device comprises oneor more indicators, the state of the one or more indicators may reflecta particular step or steps of a disinfection method. For example, invariations in which the germicidal device comprises one or moreindicator lights having different colors, an indicator light of a firstcolor may be illuminated while the germicidal light source is on; anindicator light of a second color may be illuminated during a delayperiod; and an indicator light source of a third color may beilluminated after a completed disinfection cycle or completed periodiccycle.

Operational Parameters

The various operational parameters may be set to any suitable timeperiods. For example, the disinfection cycle duration may be chosenbased on one or more factors, such as but not limited to the lightoutput of the germicidal light source, distance of the germicidal lightsource from a contact surface, and/or the quantity or character of thepathogens expected to be on the contact surface. Generally, differentpathogens (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),Escherichia coli (E. coli), H1N1 flu virus, Clostridium difficile (C.diff)) may require differing amounts of UV energy in order to be reducedor eliminated. In some variations, the disinfection cycle duration maybe between about 1 minute and about 1 hour, between about 1 second andabout 20 minutes, between about 1 second and about 30 minutes, betweenabout 1 minute and about 20 minutes, between about 5 seconds and about10 minutes, between about 5 seconds and about 20 minutes, between about10 seconds and about 10 minutes, between about 30 seconds and about 5minutes, between about 30 seconds and about 4 minutes, between about 5seconds and about 5 minutes, or between about 10 seconds and about 30seconds. In one variation, the disinfection cycle duration using agermicidal light source comprising 1 W bulb may be about 160 seconds fora contact surface located about 15 inches from the bulb. In somevariations, a particular disinfection cycle duration may be chosen basedon the contact surface to be disinfected and the expected distancebetween the contact surface and the germicidal light source. Forexample, for the mounting assemblies described herein, a desktop settingmay have a disinfection cycle duration of between about 1 minute andabout 20 minutes, between about 30 seconds and about 10 minutes, betweenabout 5 minutes and about 10 minutes, about 1 minute, about 2 minutes,about 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 6 minutes,about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9 minutes, about 10 minutes,about 11 minutes, or about 12 minutes. A laptop setting may have adisinfection cycle duration of between about 1 minute and about 20minutes, between about 1 minute and 15 minutes, between about 5 minutesand about 15 minutes, between about 10 minutes and 15 minutes, about 1minute, about 2 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 5minutes, about 6 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9minutes, about 10 minutes, about 11 minutes, about 12 minutes, about 13minutes, about 14 minutes, about 15 minutes, or about 16 minutes. Atablet setting may have a disinfection cycle duration of between about 1minute and about 20 minutes, between about 30 seconds and about 10minutes, between about 5 minutes and about 10 minutes, about 1 minute,about 2 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 5 minutes,about 6 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9 minutes,about 10 minutes, about 11 minutes, or about 12 minutes. A touchscreenmay have a disinfection cycle duration of between about 1 minute andabout 20 minutes, between about 1 minute and 15 minutes, between about 5minutes and about 15 minutes, between about 10 minutes and 15 minutes,about 1 minute, about 2 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about5 minutes, about 6 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9minutes, about 10 minutes, about 11 minutes, about 12 minutes, about 13minutes, about 14 minutes, about 15 minutes, or about 16 minutes.

The periodic cycle duration may similarly be chosen based on one or morefactors, such as but not limited to the light output of the germicidallight source, distance of the germicidal light source from a contactsurface, and/or the quantity or character of the pathogens expected tobe on the contact surface. In some variations, the periodic cycleduration may be between about 1 minute and about 2 hours, between about1 minute and about 1 hour, between about 5 minutes and about 1 hour,between about 5 minutes and about 30 minutes, between about 5 minutesand about 30 minutes, between about 20 minutes and about 40 minutes, orbetween about 10 minutes and about 20 minutes. The periodic cycleduration may in some instances be a multiple of the standarddisinfection cycle duration, such as a factor of about 1.1 to about 3,about 1.25 to about 2, about 1.5 to about 2, or about 1.67. In othervariations, the periodic cycle may be the same length as the standarddisinfection cycle duration (i.e., a factor of about 1). In yet othervariations, the periodic cycle may be shorter than the standarddisinfection cycle duration, such as a factor of between about 0.5 andabout 0.9. In some variations, a particular periodic cycle duration maybe chosen based on the contact surface to be disinfected and theexpected distance between the contact surface and the germicidal lightsource. For example, for the mounts described herein, a desktop settingmay have a periodic cycle duration of about 2 minutes, about 4 minutes,about 6 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 10 minutes, about 12 minutes,about 14 minutes, about 16 minutes, about 18 minutes, about 20 minutes,about 22 minutes, or about 24 minutes; a laptop setting may have aperiodic cycle duration of about 2 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 6minutes, about 8 minutes, about 10 minutes, about 12 minutes, about 14minutes, about 16 minutes, about 18 minutes, about 20 minutes, about 22minutes, about 24 minutes, about 26 minutes, about 28 minutes, about 30minutes, or about 32 minutes; a tablet setting may have a periodic cycleduration of about 2 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 6 minutes, about 8minutes, about 10 minutes, about 12 minutes, about 14 minutes, about 16minutes, about 18 minutes, about 20 minutes, about 22 minutes, or about24 minutes; and a touchscreen may have a periodic cycle duration ofabout 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 6 minutes,about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9 minutes, about 10 minutes,about 11 minutes, about 12 minutes, about 13 minutes, about 14 minutes,about 15 minutes, about 16 minutes, about 17 minutes, about 18 minutes,about 19 minutes, or about 20 minutes. In situations in which C. diff issuspected to be on a contact surface, the periodic cycle duration may beincreased. For example, the increase may be between a factor of about1.5 and a factor of about 3. In some variations, the increase may be afactor of about 2. In one example the periodic cycle duration may beabout 20 minutes for a desktop setting; about 27 minutes for a laptopsetting; about 20 minutes for a tablet setting; and about 26 minutes fora touchscreen setting.

The periodic interval may have any suitable length. As described above,in some variations, if a complete disinfection cycle occurs, a countdownto the next periodic cycle may reset. As such, a periodic cycle mayoccur when a periodic interval has elapsed since the last completeddisinfection cycle or periodic cycle. In other variations, a periodiccycle may occur each time a given periodic interval has elapsed,regardless of when or whether a standard disinfection cycle hasoccurred. In some instances the periodic interval may be between about10 minutes and about 24 hours, between about 1 hour and about 24 hours,between about 30 minutes and about 3 hours, between about 1 hour and 10hours, between about 1 hour and about 2 hours, between about 2 hours and5 hours, between about 5 hours and 10 hours, about 1 hour, or about 2hours.

The delay period may also have any suitable length. In some variations,the delay period may be between about 1 second and about 5 minutes,between about 60 seconds and about 120 seconds, between about 5 secondsand about 120 seconds, between about 30 seconds and about 60 seconds,between about 1 second and about 60 seconds, about 30 seconds, about 60seconds, about 120 seconds, or more than about 120 seconds. It may bedesirable that the delay period may be adequately long enough to make areasonable assumption that the user is at least temporarily done using ahuman interface device.

Other Disabling Features

The germicidal systems described herein may comprise other mechanismsfor turning off a germicidal light source while it is on, in addition tothe controller causing it to turn off in response to a sensing system asdescribed herein. In some variations, the germicidal device may comprisean auto-disabling device. For example, the germicidal device maycomprise an auto-disabling sensor configured to detect the orientationor movement of the lamp, such as but not limited to an inertial sensorand/or an accelerometer. If the orientation of the light assembly isaltered beyond predetermined angles (e.g., as detected by an inertialsensor) and/or movement is detected (e.g., as detected by anaccelerometer), the germicidal light source may be turned off if thegermicidal light source is illuminated when the changed orientation ormovement is detected. If the germicidal light source is off when thechanged orientation or movement is detected, the germicidal light sourcemay be configured to remain off. In some variations, the germicidallight source may be disabled until it is manually reset. In othervariations, the germicidal light source may be disabled until anorientation within the acceptable orientation range is detected. Thegermicidal devices may additionally or alternatively comprise anautotimer override configured to turn off the germicidal light sourceafter it is on for an extended period, to prevent prolonged irradiationin the case of a system malfunction.

Software and User Interface

The germicidal systems described herein may comprise software configuredto direct one or more processors of the germicidal system to perform awide variety of functions. For example, software may contribute to thecontrol of automatic operations of the germicidal system (e.g., turningoff a disinfection light source if a proximity sensor detects a nearbyuser), and/or software may enable a user to manually adjust operationalparameters of the germicidal system via a user interface. Software maybe configured to control the flow or transmission of data betweendevices of the germicidal system, and it may enable the germicidalsystem to collect, store, and/or analyze the transmitted data. Softwaremay be installed or stored on one or more components of the germicidalsystem, and the location of the software may depend on the configurationof the germicidal system. For example, in some variations germicidaldevices comprising dual-mode sensing systems described herein,germicidal software may be installed on one or more human interfacedevices. In integrated designs, software may be installed on one or moreintegrated human interface and germicidal devices. In germicidal devicescomprising single-mode sensing systems comprising only one or moreproximity sensors and that do not rely on input into a human interactiondevice, software may optionally be installed on one or more germicidaldevices. In some variations, one or more germicidal and/or humaninterface devices may be configured to communicate with one or moreremote devices and/or servers via a network, and in these variations,software may be stored on one or more of the remote devices and/orservers.

Functions that may be enabled and/or controlled by software of thegermicidal system will be discussed in detail herein by describingmultiple representative screens of a user interface. These screens mayappear, for example, on a visual display of a human interface device(e.g., a desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet). The screens mayprovide information related to the human interface device and associatedgermicidal device and/or allow a user to control various functions ofthe human interface and/or germicidal device. In variations ofgermicidal systems connected to a network, user interface screens mayadditionally or alternatively be displayed on one or more remotedevices. In some variations, a user may be required to login (e.g.,provide a username and/or password) to the germicidal system (e.g.,germicidal system software and/or a network that one or more devices ofthe germicidal system are connected to) in order for one or more screensof the user interface to be displayed and/or modified. It should beunderstood that these screens, shown in FIGS. 16A-16F, arerepresentative user interface screens, and the information contained onsuch screens may not be limited to or include all of what is shownand/or described. The representative screens depict one variation of alayout, and the information shown and/or described may have any suitablelayout, including being displayed on any suitable number of screens,windows, and/or tabs. Also, one skilled in the art would recognize thatany selectable or adjustable feature (e.g., drop-down menu, radiobutton, field) that is shown and/or described may be replaced withanother suitable selectable or adjustable feature.

In an exemplary variation, a single germicidal device is controlled bysoftware installed on a human interface device, where a portion orperipheral device of that human interface device (e.g., keyboard, mouse,trackpad) is the contact surface to be disinfected. However, it shouldbe appreciated that not all germicidal systems described herein needcomprise a user interface as described. For example, in some variationsof germicidal devices having standalone sensing systems that do not relyon input into a human interaction device or its peripherals, asdescribed herein, the germicidal devices may not be directlycommunicatively coupled to a human interface device having software forcontrolling the germicidal device. In these variations, the standalonegermicidal devices may be wirelessly connected to a network, which mayallow for control of and other forms of interfacing with the germicidaldevices via the network, as described in more detail herein.

FIG. 16A is a representative operation screen of a user interface of agermicidal system. The operation screen 1600 may allow a user to viewand/or adjust one or more operational parameters of a germicidal device.For example, as shown, the operation screen 1600 may display anadjustable disinfection length indicator 1602 and an adjustable delayindicator 1604. The disinfection length indicator 1602 may show thecurrently selected duration or length of a full disinfection cycle(i.e., the amount of time that a germicidal light source may be on if itis not turned off manually or turned off in response to detection by asensor). As shown, the disinfection cycle length is set at about 4minutes, but in the variation shown, a user may change this length fromabout 30 seconds to about 20 minutes by selecting and moving the lengthindicator 1602. In other variations, the operation screen 1600 may showa different range of selectable disinfection cycle lengths, and in somevariations, a user may enter a specific length (e.g., via a keyboard ortouchpad) as opposed to choosing within a defined range.

The adjustable delay indicator 1604 may show the currently selecteddelay period between a detection event (i.e., an event, such asdetection by an interaction sensor, which may indicate that a contactsurface may be contaminated) and the start of a disinfection cycle. Asshown, the delay period is set at about 1 minute, but in the variationshown a user may change this delay period from about 20 seconds to about5 minutes by selecting and moving the delay indicator 1604. In othervariations, the available range of delay periods may be different, or auser may enter a specific delay period as opposed to choosing fromwithin a defined range.

The operation screen 1600 may display a periodic cleaning cycle area1606 that may allow a user to choose parameters of a periodic, or deep,cleaning cycle. A periodic cycle may occur with a specific frequency orat specific intervals (e.g., twice a day, three times a day, everyshift, every hour, every 2 hours, every 12 hours, every 24 hours). Asshown, the periodic cleaning cycle area 1606 may include fields for auser to enable and disable periodic cleaning cycles 1608, choose thelength (duration) of the periodic cycle 1610, and choose the frequencyof the periodic cleaning cycle 1612 (i.e., the periodic interval).

The operation screen 1600 may include some features that may be presenton one or more other screens of a user interface of a germicidal system.For example, one or more identifying features may be displayed on ascreen that may indicate the type or category of information that may beviewed and/or modified on the screen. For example, as shown, theidentifying feature may be a highlighted or otherwise distinguishednamed tab 1614. In some variations, one or more screens of the userinterface may include one or more saving options 1616 that may allow auser to save the currently selected settings on the screen, revert todefault settings, and/or choose from one or more saved settings. Asshown, one or more screens of the user interface may comprise acommunication field 1618 that may display one or more messages relatedto the status of the germicidal system. Here, the communication field1618 indicates “cleaning complete,” but any suitable message may bedisplayed (e.g., a message related to a cleaning cycle, deviceconnection, system error, system location, or the like).

FIG. 16B is another variation of a representative operation screen of auser interface. This operation screen 1620 may also allow a user to viewand/or modify parameters of a disinfection cycle and periodic cleaningcycle, but it should be appreciated that in other variations, theavailable options for a user to choose from may be different than thoseshown in FIG. 16A. For example, instead of allowing a user to choosespecific durations of the disinfection cycle and/or the delay between adetection event and the disinfection cycle, the operation screen 1620may display names of selectable disinfection protocols 1622 (e.g.,device-specific protocols such as desktop, laptop, tablet, touchscreenprotocols, and/or disease-specific protocols such as those configured tobe effective in reducing and/or eliminating C. diff). The parameters foreach of the protocols may be predetermined, and in some variations, aswill be described herein, the parameters may be adjusted on a screen ofan administrator interface. As shown, the operation screen 1620 maydisplay a periodic cleaning cycle area 1624 where the only adjustableparameter is the periodic cleaning cycle frequency, or periodicinterval, here every one hour or every two hours. In some variations,this frequency may indicate that a periodic cycle may occur one or twohours after the last periodic cycle, regardless of any interveningdisinfection cycles. In other variations, this frequency may indicatethat a periodic cleaning cycle may occur one or two hours after the lastcycle, whether it is a periodic cycle or a disinfection cycle. Theduration of the periodic cycle may be predetermined, and it may or maynot be adjustable on a screen of a user or administrator interface. Insome variations, the periodic cleaning cycle may have a predeterminedduration that is related to the duration of the disinfection cycle, asdescribed herein.

FIG. 16C is a representative work light screen of a user interface of agermicidal device. The work light screen 1626 may allow a user to viewand/or modify one or more operational parameters of a work light, suchas a work light of a germicidal device described in more detail herein.For example, as shown, the work light screen 1626 may include a worklight activation field 1628 that may allow a user to activate ordeactivate the work light, such as by selecting and deselecting the worklight activation field. Activating the work light may enable the worklight to turn on when certain criteria are met, such as when a switch orbutton on the germicidal device is pressed and/or when a proximityand/or interaction sensor detects a signal. While not shown, the worklight screen 1626 may display one or more virtual switches or buttonsthat a user may select in order to turn the work light on and/or off.

The work light screen 1626 may also display an adjustable idle timeindicator 1630, adjustable illumination delay indicator 1632, andadjustable brightness indicator 1634. The adjustable idle time indicator1630 may indicate the idle time before the work light turns off. Asshown it is set at about 1 minute, but a user may select and move theidle time indicator to change this setting. The work light illuminationdelay indicator 1632 may indicate the time between when the germicidalsystem receives a signal to illuminate or turn on the work light (e.g.,an activation signal from a proximity sensor or interaction sensor,pressing a virtual or physical button) and when the light becomesilluminated or turns on. As shown, the illumination delay is set atabout 2 seconds, and a user can select and move the illumination delayindicator 1632 to change this time. The work light brightness indicator1634 may indicate the level of brightness of the work light, and a usermay select and move the brightness indicator to change this level.

The representative work light screen 1626 displays an automated worklight time field 1636, which may show one or more time ranges when thework light is automatically activated or turned on, even if, forexample, no activation signal from a proximity or interaction sensor isprovided. As shown, one automated work light time range is set between 8PM and 7 AM, but a user may change the start and stop times of thisrange. In some variations, a user may add or remove one or moreautomated work light time ranges. In some variations, the work lightscreen 1626 may have features that allow a user to set one or moreautomated time ranges to occur on one or more specific days of the weekand/or on specific dates (e.g., specific day, month, holiday).

FIG. 16D is a representative report screen of a user interface of agermicidal system. The report screen 1638 may allow a user to selectcertain report parameters (e.g., report type, report time range, reportlayout) and prompt the germicidal system to generate a report with thoseparameters. The report screen 1638 as shown illustrates possibleparameters that a user may set, including adjustable time range options1640 and time increment options 1642. The time range options may allow auser to select a report time range in one or more ways, here byadjustable start and end dates or with selectable time ranges (e.g.,today, last 3 days, last 7 days). A report may display information ordata obtained during or relevant to the selected time range. A user mayuse the time increment options 1642 to control the way information ordata is organized on a report. For example, as shown, a first shiftstart time and a shift length time may be adjusted by a user, which mayresult in the data shown on a report being organized by work shiftshaving a specific duration. As shown, the report screen 1638 displays avirtual “view report” button 1644 that may be selected by a user inorder to direct the germicidal system to generate and display a reportwith the chosen parameters.

FIG. 17 is an example of a report that the germicidal system maygenerate and display on a user interface in response to selections madeon a report screen. As shown, the report 1700 displays the number ofcleaning cycles performed by a germicidal device in the time rangebetween Feb. 15, 2010 and Feb. 17, 2015, with data points at 8-hour timeincrements organized by shift start times. It should be appreciated thatany suitable report parameters may be set via a user interface togenerate any suitable type of report. For example, a germicidal systemmay be configured to generate reports that include data related to thegermicidal system usage times, total bulb on time, completeddisinfection cycles, partially (e.g., 25%, 50%, 75%) completed cycles,assigned protocols, problematic system events, the like, and/or anycombination thereof. The user interface may allow a user to select thereport format (e.g., graphical, tabular, color, black and white), add ormodify a title, determine axes, label axes, the like, and/or anycombination thereof.

FIG. 16E is a representative access screen of a user interface of agermicidal system. As shown, the access screen 1646 may display optionsrelated to user access to functional software of the germicidal system(e.g., software that may allow a user to change operational parametersof the germicidal system). A virtual lock button 1648 may be pressed bya user, which may make a username and/or password required to accessfunctional software of the germicidal system. If the virtual lock buttonis not pressed, or in some variations if a virtual unlock button ispressed, a user may access functional software and/or make changes tooperational parameters of the germicidal system without providing ausername and/or password. As shown, the access screen 1646 includespassword fields 1650, which may allow a user to enter and/or change anexisting password. While the password fields 1650 shown may acceptalphanumeric input, it should be appreciated that a germicidal systemmay be configured to utilize other password forms, such as biometricand/or gesture passwords.

As shown, the access screen 1646 may include fields related to theindicator or status lights on a germicidal device, here status lightradio buttons 1652. Various options may be selected or adjusted relatedto the status light of the germicidal device, such as turning the statuslight on or off and/or choosing an illuminated color of the statuslight.

The access screen 1646 may include a standalone mode field 1654, whichmay allow a user to turn a standalone mode on and off and/or changeparameters of the standalone mode. In some variations, the standalonemode may enable a germicidal device to function (e.g., to performdisinfection cycles, periodic cleaning functions, store data, the like,and/or any combination thereof) without exchanging information with ahuman interface device. That is, in a variation of the germicidal deviceassociated with a human interface and relying on input into a humaninteraction device or its peripherals for its sensing system (e.g.,having a dual-mode sensing system having both proximity and interactionsensors), the standalone mode field may be selected to change to adual-mode sensing system into a single-mode sensing system using onlyone or more proximity sensors.

As shown, the access screen 1646 may allow a user to enable and disabletransmission of one or more types of data from the germicidal and/orhuman interface device to a remote server via a network, for exampleusing the logging to server field 1656 shown. For example, in somevariations, a germicidal and/or human interface device may be configuredto automatically send usage data (e.g., data related to the numberand/or completeness of disinfection cycles and/or period cleaningcycles, bulb life, work light usage) to a remote server for monitoring,storage, and/or analysis.

A germicidal and/or human interface device may be configured to produceone or more unique or common sounds for one or more purposes. Forexample, one or more of the same or different sounds may alert a userwhen a germicidal and/or human interface device is turned on and/or off,a disinfection and/or periodic cleaning cycle starts or is about tostart, a disinfection and/or periodic cleaning cycle stops or is aboutto stop, the germicidal and/or human interface device connects and/ordisconnects from a network, the germicidal device connects and/ordisconnects from a human interface device, a device or system erroroccurs, and/or the like. An access screen of a user interface of agermicidal system may allow a user to change operational parametersrelated to one or more of these sounds. For example, as shown in FIG.16E, the access screen 1646 may comprise sound clip fields 1658 that maybe selected by a user to play a sound clip, use a default sound clipthat may be stored in memory of the germicidal system, or select a newsound clip. In some variations, there may be fields that allow a user toassign the same or different sounds to particular device functions orstates.

FIG. 16F is a representative device information screen of a userinterface of a germicidal system. The device information screen 1660 mayallow a user to view and/or modify information related to one or moredevices of the germicidal system. For example, the device informationscreen 1660 may display information related to a germicidal device thatis connected to the human interface device comprising the userinterface. Additionally or alternatively, the device information screen1660 may display information related to one or more other germicidaldevices, human interface devices, peripheral devices (e.g., mouse,keyboard) that may be connected to a human interface device, a remotedevice, and/or a server. The device information screen 1660 shown inFIG. 16 comprises a first device field 1662 with information related toa specific germicidal device and a second device field 1664 thatindicates that the second device has been disconnected. The first devicefield 1662 as shown includes the device serial number, startup date,bulb burn time, remaining bulb life, and firmware version, but a devicefield may display any suitable information related to a device in anysuitable alphanumeric or graphical form. In some variations, at leastsome of the information related to a device may automatically populate adevice field. For example, when a germicidal device is connected to ahuman interface device, at least some of the information related to thegermicidal device may be automatically transmitted to the humaninterface device and displayed on the device information screen of theuser interface. In some variations, a device information screen mayallow a user to make changes, update, or perform one or more otherfunctions related to device information. For example, as shown, eachdevice field 1662, 1664 on the device information screen 1664 mayinclude a copy virtual button 1666 and an identify virtual button 1670.Selecting the copy virtual button 1666 may copy device information(e.g., copy device information to a clipboard of a device), andselecting the identify virtual button 1670 may instruct the humaninterface device, for example, to obtain information related to aconnected germicidal device. In some variations, the device informationscreen 1660 may display the germicidal software version 1670 that isinstalled on one or more devices of the germicidal system, and in somevariations, a user may select an option to update the software.

Network and Administrator Interface

A germicidal system may comprise one or more germicidal devices and/orhuman interface devices that are configured to exchange information withone or more remote devices and/or servers over a network (e.g., localarea network, wide area network, the Internet). This may allow forcentralized control (e.g., operational parameter adjustment) of all or aportion of the germicidal and/or human interface devices that areconnected to the network. For example, an administrator maysimultaneously control the germicidal and/or human interface devices ina certain building, on a certain floor, or in a certain department, fromone computer. Additionally or alternatively, a germicidal system that isconnected to a network may allow for centralized monitoring, storage,and/or analysis of data obtained from all or a portion of the germicidaland/or human interface devices that are connected to the network.Generally, any of the control, data collection, analysis, reporting, orstorage functions described herein that may be performed locally for onegermicidal device and/or associated human interface device (e.g., viathe user interface screens described herein) may be performed remotelyby an administrator for one or more germicidal and/or human interfacedevices.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a variation of a germicidalsystem comprising a plurality of devices configured to communicate via anetwork. The germicidal system 1800 may comprise one or more humaninterface devices 1801, 1803, 1805, each having an associated germicidaldevice 1807, and a remote server 1809. The remote server 1809 may beconnected to the same network as the human interface devices 1801, 1803,1805, which may allow information to be exchanged between the remoteserver 1809 and the human interface devices 1801, 1803, 1805 in one ortwo directions. As shown, the germicidal devices 1807 are connected tothe human interface devices 1801, 1803, 1805, such that information maybe exchanged between the germicidal devices and the remote server 1809indirectly via the human interface devices (i.e., information may besent from a germicidal device to a human interface device and then tothe remote server via the network). However, it should be appreciatedthat in some variations, such as germicidal devices comprisingstandalone sensing systems described herein that are not connected toassociated human interface devices, one or more germicidal devices 1807may be configured to directly connect to the network and exchangeinformation in one or two directions with the remote server 1809. Anadministrator 1811 may direct the remote server 1809 to exchangeinformation with one or more human interface devices 1801, 1803, 1805and/or germicidal devices 1807. In some variations, the administrator1811 may direct the remote server 1809 to process (e.g., compile, store,analyze) information obtained from one or more human interface devices1801, 1803, 1805 and/or germicidal devices 1807. Additionally oralternatively, software on the remote server 1809, human interfacedevices 1801, 1803, 1805, and/or germicidal devices 1807 may enableinformation to be exchanged automatically.

One or more germicidal devices, human interface devices, and/or remotedevices or servers may be connected to and communicate over any suitablenetwork type using any suitable communication protocol. For example, thenetwork may be an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellulartelephone network, a wired or wireless local area network (LAN), and/ora metropolitan area network (MAN). In some variations, such as when thegermicidal system is a cloud-based or hosted, web-based system, thenetwork may be the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web(WWW). The wireless communication may use any of a plurality ofcommunications standards, protocols and technologies, including but notlimited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced DataGSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA),high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO),HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), nearfield communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a,IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over InternetProtocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet messageaccess protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instantmessaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP),Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and PresenceLeveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service(IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitablecommunication protocol.

Various types of information may be exchanged between a remote serverand one or more human interface and/or germicidal devices over anetwork. For example, information originally obtained by a germicidaldevice may include data obtained via the signals detected by one or moregermicidal device sensors (e.g., proximity sensors). As mentioned, insome variations, the germicidal device may be configured to send atleast some of this information directly to the remote server.Additionally or alternatively, the germicidal device may be configuredto send at least some information to an associated or connected humaninterface device, and the human interface device may in turn send theinformation to the remote server. The human interface device may obtaininformation from user input (e.g., a user may make selections or adjustoperational parameters via a user interface) and/or data obtained viadetection by one or more interaction sensors, and this information maybe sent to the remote server. Other data that may be sent to the remoteserver by one or more human interface and/or germicidal devices mayinclude device status or performance data, such as remaining bulb life,device location, disinfection protocol information, and/or devicemalfunction information. In some variations, one or more human interfaceand/or germicidal devices may be configured to store and/or analyzedata, and this processed data may be sent to the remote server.

A remote server may receive, compile, store, analyze, and/or transmitinformation that is sent from one or more human interface and/orgermicidal devices. An administrator may control what information isreceived by the remote server and the types of processing that may bedone with this information. For example, an administrator may direct theremote server to receive information from the human interface and/orgermicidal devices on a particular floor of a building and/or generate areport summarizing that information in a specific way.

Similarly, the remote server may send information to one or more humaninterface and/or germicidal devices, and an administrator may controlwhat information is sent and which human interface and/or germicidaldevices receive the information. In some variations, a germicidal systemmay be configured such that a remote server exchanges information withone or more human interface and/or germicidal devices automatically,with or without initial direction by an administrator. For example, agermicidal system may be configured so that one or more human interfaceand/or germicidal devices send status or performance data to a remoteserver with a predetermined frequency (e.g., every 6 hours, every day,every week). Additionally or alternatively, a germicidal system may beconfigured such that information may be sent from the remote server toone or more human interface and/or germicidal devices automatically whencertain criteria are met. For example, the remote server mayautomatically assign a C. diff protocol to one or more germicidaldevices if the remote server receives information, such as positive C.diff lab results, that indicate a C. diff outbreak.

The way that an administrator interacts or communicates with a remoteserver may depend on the configuration of the germicidal system, such asthe type of network connected to the devices. In some variations, suchas when the remote server, human interface devices, and/or germicidaldevices are connected to a LAN or WAN, any device that is connected tothe network and that comprises suitable software may be an administratordevice. An administrator may input information via an administratorinterface of the administrator device, and instructions based on thisinformation may then be sent to the remote server. The instructions maydirect the remote server to process information from or communicateinformation to the human interface and/or germicidal devices in aparticular way. Similarly, the administrator may receive output (e.g.,via an administrator interface display, printer) from the administratordevice that was obtained from the remote server. The administratordevice may be a device with an associated germicidal device or a device(e.g., computer, tablet, mobile phone) without an associated germicidaldevice. In some variations, a germicidal system may not comprise aseparate remote server and administrator device, and the administratordevice may also function as the server. For example, the computer thatan administrator uses to select operational parameters for a pluralityof human interface and/or germicidal devices may communicate directlywith the plurality of human interface and/or germicidal devices.Similarly, the same computer may receive and process data from aplurality of human interface and/or germicidal devices and also providethis data to the administrator.

In some variations, a germicidal system may be a cloud-based or hosted,web-based system. For example, the Internet may be the network to whichone or more human interface and/or germicidal devices and a remoteserver are connected. In this variation, an administrator device that anadministrator may use to communicate with the remote server may be anydevice that is connected to the Internet. For example, a web browser onan administrator device may be used to interact with the remote server,rather than a dedicated germicidal program or application software beingrequired. In an exemplary variation, the germicidal system may comprisea plurality of germicidal devices communicatively coupled with a remoteserver via a wireless network. Communicative coupling of a germicidaldevice with a remote server via a wireless network may be particularlyuseful for germicidal devices not connected to an associated humaninterface device (e.g., germicidal devices having standalone sensingsystems as described herein). The remote server may in turn becommunicatively coupled with an administrator device, such as acomputer. An administrator (i.e., a user with access to germicidalsoftware that may, for example, allow for control of more than onegermicidal device) may input information into the administrator device(e.g., via an administrator interface). Instructions based on thisinformation may be sent to the remote server via the network, and theinstructions may then be sent to one or more of the plurality ofgermicidal devices via the network. As mentioned, in cloud or web-basedgermicidal systems, the network communicatively coupling the germicidaldevices, remote server, and administrator device may be the Internet. Inthis variation, the germicidal system may comprise a web-basedmanagement system. In some variations, an administrator may access andinteract with the web-based management system via a web browser on theadministrator device.

The types of information that may be exchanged between a remote serverand one or more human interface and/or germicidal devices and the waysthat this information may be controlled and/or analyzed will bedescribed in more detail in relation to various administrator interfacescreens. These representative screens, shown in FIGS. 19A-19K, mayappear on an administrator device in a dedicated germicidal program or,in cloud or web-based germicidal systems, in a web browser. Anadministrator may make selections or input information on these screens(e.g., via a physical or virtual keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, atouchpad) in order to control the processing of information, theexchange of information between one or more devices of the germicidalsystem, and/or the configuration of or access to the germicidal system.In use, login information, such as a user name and password may berequired for an administrator to access and/or make changes to at leastsome of these screens. It should be appreciated that these screens arerepresentative of a suitable administrator interface and that theinformation contained on such screens may not be limited to or includeall of what is shown and/or described. The representative screens depictone variation of a layout, and the information shown and/or describedmay have any suitable layout, including being displayed on any suitablenumber of screens, windows, and/or tabs. Also, one skilled in the artwould recognize that any selectable or adjustable feature (e.g.,drop-down menu, radio button, field) that is shown and/or described maybe replaced with another suitable selectable or adjustable feature.

FIG. 19A is a representative home or welcome screen of an administratorinterface. In some variations, the home screen 1900 may be the firstscreen to which an administrator is directed when opening or logginginto an administrator program. As may be the case with at least some ofthe other screens of the administrator interface, information may beshown that may identify the currently displayed screen and/or thecontent of the screen, such as a screen title 1902 and/or a highlightedor otherwise distinguished tab 1904. The home screen 1900 may display alist of windows, tabs, and/or categories of options that anadministrator may access via the administrator interface. One or moresuch lists may be displayed in one or more forms, here as multiple namedtabs 1906 and in a table 1908 that includes a description of each tab orcategory of options that an administrator may access. At least some ofthe information shown on the home screen 1900 and/or on other screens(e.g., at least a portion of displayed text, symbols, graphics) may beselected (e.g., via a mouse, keyboard, touchpad, touchscreen) in orderto perform a function, such as navigating to a different screen orchoosing a field to enter information. While not shown, in somevariations, a home screen may display news, updates, alerts, and/orother information related to the germicidal system.

FIG. 19B is a representative user management screen of an administratorinterface of a germicidal system. The user management screen 1910 maydisplay one or more lists of users 1912 and information related to eachuser, here email addresses 1914. The users shown may be users whocurrently have or have requested access to one or more devices of thegermicidal system. For example, the users may be users who have accessto one or more human interface and/or germicidal devices (e.g., haveaccess to functional software of one or more human interface and/orgermicidal devices, may be capable or allowed to make changes tooperational parameters of one or more germicidal devices, allowed todirect a device to generate a report related to one or more humaninterface and/or germicidal devices). In some variations, the usersshown may be administrators who may have access to one or more screensof the administrator interface. The user list 1912 and/or informationrelated to the users on the user list may be editable on the usermanagement screen 1910. For example, new users may be added or existingusers may be removed from the user list 1912.

FIGS. 19C-E are representative screens of an administrator interfacethat may allow an administrator to setup, edit, and/or view informationrelated to sites or areas in a company or organization that may utilizea germicidal system. Such information may be separated on differentscreens or organized on the same screen based on the type or size of thearea that the information is related to, such as a general location thatmay have more than one building (e.g., hospital, campus, town or city),building, floor, department, wing, room, and/or asset. For example, thescreen 1916 shown in FIG. 19C displays a list of general locations 1918,and the screen 1920 shown in FIG. 19D displays a list of departments1922. The screen 1924 shown in FIG. 19E displays a list or map ofmultiple types of areas 1926, and the areas may be arranged in the mapin one or more ways, such as hierarchically based on the size of thearea. One or more of these screens 1916, 1920, 1924 may allow anadministrator to make changes to the areas of a company or organizationthat may utilize the germicidal system. For example, an administratormay add, remove, and/or rename an area. For example, if one or moregermicidal devices are utilized in a new area, an administrator may addthat area. In some variations, a device of the germicidal system (e.g.,a germicidal device, a human interface device) may send informationabout its location to a remote server automatically, and areainformation may change on a screen of the administrator interfaceautomatically without manual administrator input.

FIG. 19F is a representative device management screen of anadministrator interface. The device management screen 1928 may allow anadministrator to view and/or change one or more properties of one ormore human interface and/or germicidal devices. The device managementscreen 1928 may display a device search area 1930 and a search resultsarea 1932. The device search area 1930 may comprise one or more datafields for entering or selecting device information or criteria in orderto search for one or more human interface and/or germicidal devices thatmeet the selected criteria. For example the device search area 1930 asshown comprises data fields that may allow an administrator to searchfor a device by an identifying or serial number 1934, equipment that thedevice is connected to 1936, a general location of the device 1938, abuilding where the device is located 1940, a disinfection protocolassigned to the device 1942, a status of the device (e.g., active,inactive, retired) 1944, and/or an amount of remaining bulb life 1946.The device search area 1930 may comprise data fields that allow anadministrator to select any device criteria that is suitable to aparticular germicidal system. For example, there may be data fields thatallow an administrator to search for devices in specific rooms ordepartments if the germicidal system is utilized in an environmentorganized by room and department.

The search results area 1932 of the device management screen 1928 maydisplay the devices of the germicidal system (e.g., human interfaceand/or germicidal devices) that meet the criteria selected in the devicesearch area 1930. One or more properties (e.g., serial number, location,status, service log) of these devices may be displayed in the searchresults area 1932. In some variations, an administrator may select oneor more of the devices displayed in the search results area 1932 inorder to view more properties of the one or more devices. In somevariations, the administrator may modify one or more of these deviceproperties. For example, the administrator may select one or moredevices and change the disinfection protocol assigned to the one or moredevices. In some variations, the device management screen 1928 maycomprise an area that may allow an administrator to add a new device tothe germicidal system.

FIG. 19G is a representative report selection screen of an administratorinterface of a germicidal system. The report selection screen 1948 mayallow an administrator to select a type of report and/or parameters of areport to be generated and displayed. For example, the report selectionscreen 1948 may comprise one or more data fields that may allow anadministrator to select the parameters of a disinfection report thatmay, for example, depict the number of disinfection cycles that havebeen performed by one or more selected germicidal devices over aselected time period and organized by selected time increments. Asshown, the report selection screen 1948 comprises data fields that mayallow an administrator to select parameters of a report including astart date of the report 1950, an end date of the report 1952, and timeincrements displayed on the report by shift start time 1954 and shiftlength 1956. Other data fields may allow an administrator to select thedevices that are included in the report, including selecting one or moredevices by area 1958 (e.g., general location, department, building,floor, room), equipment that the one or more devices is connected to1960 (e.g., desktop computer, laptop computer, touchpad, touchscreen,touchscreen of a medical cart), a disinfection protocol assigned to theone or more devices 1962, and/or other device characteristics not shownsuch as serial number.

While the report selection screen 1948 in FIG. 19G shows options forgenerating a disinfection report, an administrator interface may displayone or more screens that may include options for generating other typesof reports. For example, a report selection screen may allow a report tobe generated that lists or otherwise identifies devices based on certaincharacteristics, such as those with a certain status (e.g., active,inactive) and/or those having device errors, malfunctions, or otherproblematic events. In some variations the report selection screen mayallow an administrator to specify parameters of a report that lists orotherwise identifies devices that have been continuously active for somepredetermined time, such as 60 minutes or more; devices that have beeninactive for long periods, such as 180 days; devices that have not beenserviced in some predetermined interval, such as 180 days; and/ordevices that may be running low on bulb life, such as those that haveaccumulated at least about 3000 hours of active or on time. In somevariations, the report selection screen may allow for selections thatprovide input about activity levels near the germicidal devices and/orusage levels of human interface devices. For example, the reportselection screen may allow an administrator to generate a reportregarding detection events by a sensing system (e.g., number and/ortiming of proximity sensor detection events, number and/or timing ofinteraction sensor events). It should be appreciated that any of thedevice characteristics that may be selected in the device search area1930 of the device management screen 19F discussed with respect to FIG.19F may be selected on a report selection screen in order to identifydevices within a germicidal system that have the selectedcharacteristics. In some variations, the report selection screen mayallow an administrator to choose to have one or more report typesautomatically delivered (e.g., via e-mail) with a specified frequency(e.g., every day, every week) to one or more administrators or otherindividuals.

FIG. 19H is a representative alert screen of an administrator interfaceof a germicidal system. The alert screen 1964 may allow an administratorto view information related to alerts or warnings that have been sent byone or more devices of the germicidal system (e.g., one or moregermicidal devices, human interface devices, remote servers). The alertscreen 1964 may display information related to one or more devices thatgenerated an alert, such as the type of device 1966 (e.g., germicidaldevice, type of human interface device), a name of the device 1968(e.g., identifying number, code, serial number), a location of thedevice, a status of the device (active, inactive, retired), adisinfection protocol assigned to the device, and/or the like. In somevariations, the alert screen may display information related to the oneor more alerts, such as an alert type 1970 (e.g., device lost power,device malfunctioned for a known or unknown reason); a date and/or timewhen the alert was created 1972 (e.g., sent from a device, received bythe remote server); and/or a date and/or time when the alert wasdismissed 1974, acknowledged, and/or the issue causing the alert wasresolved. The alert screen 1964 may display a log of alerts for aspecified time period and/or from devices with specified characteristics(e.g., all devices in a germicidal system, all germicidal devices orhuman interface devices in a germicidal system, devices in a certainlocation). In some variations, the administrator may perform an actionrelated to one or more displayed alerts, such as dismissing one or morealerts or generating a report that lists and/or displays statistics orother information related to one or more alerts.

FIG. 19I is a representative settings profiles screen of anadministrator interface of a germicidal system. The settings profilesscreen 1976 may allow an administrator to view and/or modify one or moresettings or parameters of the germicidal system. For example, thesettings profiles screen 1976 may allow an administrator to view and/ormodify one or more parameters of one or more disinfection protocols. Asshown, the settings profiles screen may display names of disinfectionprotocols 1978 (e.g., desktop C. diff outbreak protocol, desktopstandard protocol, laptop standard protocol) and a setting preset 1980for any applicable disinfection protocols. The setting preset 1980 mayindicate which devices or category of devices (e.g., category based onthe location of the device, the type of equipment attached to thedevice) may be assigned a certain disinfection protocol currently or bydefault. For example, as shown, the desktop standard protocol has asetting preset of desktop, which may indicate that currently or bydefault, all germicidal devices in the germicidal system that areassociated with a desktop computer may be assigned the desktop standarddisinfection protocol. The settings profiles screen 1976 may alsodisplay one or more actions 1982 for each disinfection protocol that anadministrator may select. For example, the actions 1982 may allow anadministrator to edit the parameters of a disinfection protocol (e.g.,the disinfection cycle duration, the periodic cycle duration the delayperiod, the periodic interval), delete a disinfection protocol, and/orassign one or more devices to a certain disinfection protocol. Thesettings profiles screen 1976 may also include a data field 1984 thatallows an administrator to add or create a new disinfection protocol.

FIG. 19J is a representative password screen of an administratorinterface of a germicidal system. The password screen 1986 may allow anadministrator to view and/or change the password for one or more humaninterface and/or germicidal devices. For example, as described in moredetail herein, a user may enter a password on a germicidal device and/ora human interface device in order to access functional germicidalsoftware that may, for example, allow the user to change one or moreoperational parameters of the germicidal and/or human interface device.The password screen 1986 may comprise a device search area 1988 that maycomprise one or more data fields for entering or selecting deviceinformation or criteria in order to search for one or more humaninterface and/or germicidal devices. These data fields may comprise anycombination of the data fields discussed with respect to the devicesearch area 1930 of the device management screen 1928 shown in FIG. 19F,such as data fields that allow an administrator to search for one ormore devices by serial number, equipment the one or more devices areconnected to, and/or a location. An administrator may select one or moreof the devices that are displayed as search results, and the passwordfor the one or more devices may be viewed and/or changed.

FIG. 19K is a representative C. diff response screen of an administratorinterface of a germicidal system. The C. diff response screen 1990 mayallow an administrator to view and/or modify past and/or current C. diffresponses and/or create a new C. diff response. A C. diff response maybe the parameters of the germicidal system that are set in response to aC. diff outbreak (e.g., when a number of patients above a specifiedthreshold in a specified area have been diagnosed with C. diff). Forexample, a C. diff response may include the parameters of one or more C.diff disinfection protocols (e.g., duration of a disinfection cycle, d),the devices that are assigned to the one or more C. diff disinfectionprotocols (e.g., germicidal devices in a certain location), and/or theduration for which one or more devices are assigned to a C. diffdisinfection protocol. The C. diff response screen 1990 may displaynames of current and/or past C. diff responses 1992 and informationrelated to the current and/or past C. diff responses. As shown, the dateeach C. diff response is effective until 1994 and the status of the C.diff response 1996 (e.g., active, ended) are displayed. An administratormay select one or more C. diff responses shown on the C. diff responsescreen 1990 in order to view and/or modify one or more parameters of theresponse (e.g., the operational parameters of one or more devices, thedevices that are assigned to one more C. diff disinfection protocols,the duration of the C. diff response). In some variations, one or morestatistics or other data related to a C. diff response may be viewed byan administrator (e.g., the number of patients diagnosed in a particulararea after the response was initiated). As shown, the C. diff responsescreen 1990 may include a field that may be selected by an administratorin order to create a new response 1998. While a C. diff response screenis shown, it should be appreciated that an administrator interface maycomprise one or more response screens for other pathogens (e.g., MRSA,H1N1 flu virus, E. Coli).

Methods of Assigning a Disinfection Protocol

A method for disinfecting one or more surfaces may comprise assigning adisinfection protocol to one or more germicidal devices. A disinfectionprotocol may comprise operational parameters for one or more germicidaldevices. For example, a disinfection protocol may comprise instructionsdirecting a germicidal light source of a germicidal device to beilluminated for a specific duration when performing a disinfectioncycle. As described in detail herein, the disinfection protocol assignedto a germicidal device (e.g., the disinfection protocol that agermicidal device is instructed to run, follow, execute) may depend onfactors including the type of surface or type of device comprising thecontact surface to be disinfected (e.g. desktop computer, laptopcomputer, touchscreen, mouse). In some variations, a specificdisinfection protocol may be assigned to a germicidal device based onenvironmental factors, such as one or more specific pathogens suspectedof being on the surface (e.g., C. diff, H1N1 flu virus). For example, ifa C. diff outbreak occurs, germicidal devices in an area of the outbreakmay be assigned a C. diff disinfection protocol, which may compriseoperational parameters that allow a germicidal device to substantiallydisinfect a surface at least partially covered with C. diff bacteria.

In some variations, a disinfection protocol may be assigned to one ormore germicidal devices by default when the one or more germicidaldevices is initially powered on and/or set up by a user oradministrator. For example, when a germicidal device is initiallyconnected to a human interface device, the germicidal system maydetermine the type of human interface device (e.g., desktop computer,laptop computer, tablet, touchscreen). This determination may beperformed using software stored in memory of the germicidal system(e.g., memory of the germicidal device, human interface device, and/orserver) and executed by a processor of the germicidal system (e.g., aprocessor of the germicidal device, human interface device, and/orserver). In response to this determination, a specific disinfectionprotocol may be assigned to the germicidal device (e.g., desktopprotocol, laptop protocol, tablet protocol, touchscreen protocol).

In some variations, a method for disinfecting one or more surfaces maycomprise manually assigning a disinfection protocol to one or moregermicidal devices at initial set up and/or at a later time in responseto one or more environmental factors. A disinfection protocol may beassigned to a germicidal device locally (e.g., via software installed onan associated human interface device) and/or remotely over a network.For example, for a germicidal device comprising a dual-mode sensingsystem and connected to a human interface device, a user may assign adisinfection protocol to the germicidal device by accessing a userinterface of the human interface device that is associated with (e.g.,connected to, coupled to, communicatively coupled with, nearby) thegermicidal device. In some variations, this method may comprise the usernavigating to a screen generated by the software and displayed on theuser interface, such as the representative operation screens discussedwith respect to FIGS. 16A and 16B. In some variations, a user may inputparameters of the disinfection protocol to be assigned, such as theduration of a disinfection cycle and/or the delay between a detectionevent and the start of the disinfection cycle. In other variations, auser may select a disinfection protocol with predetermined parameters(e.g., desktop protocol, laptop protocol, C. diff protocol). In responseto user input via the user interface of the human interface device, adisinfection protocol may be assigned to the germicidal deviceassociated with the human interface device (i.e., instructions forspecific operational parameters of the germicidal device may be storedin memory of the human interface and/or germicidal device). In otherwords, a human interface device may provide a user interface and receiveuser input (e.g., a selection of a disinfection protocol, disinfectionprotocol parameters). In response to the user input, the human interfacedevice may assign a disinfection protocol, or transmit instructions toperform a specific disinfection protocol, to an associated germicidaldevice.

In some variations, a method for disinfecting one or more surfaces maycomprise assigning one or more disinfection protocols to one or moregermicidal devices via a network (e.g., LAN, WAN, the Internet). Inthese variations, an administrator may access an administrator interfaceof an administrator device connected to the network. The administratormay navigate to a screen generated by the germicidal software anddisplayed on the administrator interface, such as the representativesettings profiles screen shown in FIG. 19I. The administrator may setthe operational parameters (e.g., disinfection cycle length, delayperiod) of one or more disinfection protocols and/or assign the same ordifferent disinfection protocols to one or more germicidal devices ofthe germicidal system. For example, an administrator may search forgermicidal devices using one or more criteria, such as the type of humaninterface device (e.g., desktop, laptop) associated with the germicidaldevice and/or the location of the germicidal device (e.g. building,floor, wing). In response to selected search criteria, software of thegermicidal system may provide a list of germicidal devices that meetthese criteria on the administrator interface. An administrator mayselect one or more of these germicidal devices, and in response to thisadministrator input, operational parameters may be adjusted and/or adisinfection protocol may be assigned to the one or more selectedgermicidal devices. In other words, the germicidal system may provide anadministrator interface on an administrator device and receiveadministrator input via the administrator interface (e.g., one or moregermicidal device search criteria). In response to the administratorinput, the germicidal system may perform a search for one or moregermicidal devices corresponding to the one or more search criteria anddisplay a list of the one or more germicidal devices on theadministrator interface. The germicidal system may receive anadministrator selection (e.g., a selection of one or more germicidaldevices from the list, a selection of a disinfection protocol), and inresponse to this selection, assign a disinfection protocol, or transmitinstructions to perform a specific disinfection protocol, to the one ormore selected germicidal devices.

Instructions for performing the selected disinfection protocol may bedelivered from the administrator device and received by a server via anetwork. The instructions may then be delivered from the server andreceived by the one or more germicidal devices via the network. In somevariations in which a germicidal device is communicatively coupled to ahuman interface device, such as in germicidal devices comprisingdual-mode sensing systems described herein, sending instructions for thedisinfection protocol from the server to the one or more germicidaldevices may be indirect. In other words, the instructions for thedisinfection protocol may be sent from the server to one or more humaninterface devices, and then from the one or more human interface devicesto one or more germicidal devices associated with those human interfacedevices. The instructions for specific operational parameters of thegermicidal device may be stored in memory of the administrator device,server, human interface device, and/or germicidal device.

One particular example of when a disinfection protocol may be assignedto one or more germicidal devices may be in response to a C. diffoutbreak in a healthcare setting. Because longer exposure times (e.g.,either disinfection cycle durations or periodic cycle durations) may bemore effective in disinfecting contact surfaces contaminated with C.diff, when C. diff is likely to be found in a particular area of ahealthcare setting (e.g., one or more rooms, a wing, a floor, abuilding, or the like), it may be desirable to assign a new disinfectionprotocol to the germicidal devices located in these areas. In some ofthese instances, in response to information indicating that C. diff islikely to be found at the location of one or more germicidal devices, anadministrator may use an administrator interface to select thegermicidal devices as described herein, and may assign predetermined C.diff protocols to each of the germicidal devices. In some instances,different predetermined C. diff protocols may be sent to differentdevices, for example based on their location, mounting assembly, and/orcontact surface. The instructions for performing the assigned protocolsmay be delivered from the administrator device to a server via anetwork, and may then be received by the germicidal devices via thenetwork, and in some instances, via a human interface device.

Methods of Generating Reports

As discussed in detail herein, a germicidal system may be configured togenerate one or more types of reports displaying information related tothe germicidal system. In some variations, a method for generating areport may comprise obtaining information via a user interface of ahuman interface device. Using this method, a report may be generatedthat relates to the human interface device and/or an associatedgermicidal device. In other variations, the method for generating areport may comprise obtaining information via an administrator interfaceof an administrator device, which may or may not have an associatedgermicidal device. Using this method, a report may be generated thatrelates to one or more human interface and/or germicidal devices thatare connected to the same network as a server and the administratordevice.

A method for generating a report related to a germicidal system maycomprise a human interface device obtaining user input via a userinterface of the human interface device. For example, a user may accessthe user interface of the human interface device, and in somevariations, navigate to a screen, such as the representative reportscreen shown in FIG. 16D. This and other suitable report screens may begenerated by germicidal software that is stored in memory of the humaninterface device and/or an associated germicidal device and displayed onthe user interface of the human interface device. A report screen maydisplay one or more selectable or adjustable options that may allow auser to determine parameters of the report to be generated. Examples ofsuch options and parameters are shown and/or described with respect toFIG. 16D and FIG. 17. A user may provide input to the human interfacedevice by selecting and/or adjusting one or more parameters (i.e., anyof the options or parameters discussed with respect to FIG. 16D or FIG.17) on the report screen.

In response to the user input, the human interface device (e.g., aprocessor of the human interface device) may generate a report based onthe selected parameters. At least some of the data used to generate thereport may be obtained from memory of the germicidal device and/or thehuman interface device. The report may be output to the user interfacein order to be viewed by the user, to memory of the human interfacedevice and/or germicidal device in order to be stored, and/or to one ormore other devices (printer, remote server via a network). The outputdestination of the report may be determined based on user input via theuser interface. In other words, a human interface device may provide auser interface and receive user input (e.g., a selection of one or morereport parameters). In response to the user input, the human interfacedevice may display, store, and/or otherwise output a reportcorresponding to the selected report parameters.

In some variations, a method for generating a report related to agermicidal system may comprise a server obtaining administrator inputvia an administrator interface of an administrator device. For example,the germicidal system may provide the administrator interface on anadministrator device that is connected to the same network as a serverand one or more germicidal and/or human interface devices. In thisvariation, germicidal software may be stored in memory of theadministrator device, the server, one or more human interface devices,and/or one or more germicidal devices. The administrator may navigate toa screen, such as the report selection screen shown in FIG. 19G, whichmay be generated by the germicidal software and displayed on theadministrator interface. The screen shown on the administrator interfacemay include one or more selectable options that may allow anadministrator to determine the parameters of the report to be generated.For example, an administrator may choose to have a report generated thatincludes information related to any number of germicidal and/or humaninterface devices in the germicidal system, such as the germicidal andhuman interface devices in a particular building, on a particular floor,in a particular department, or the like. It should be appreciated that agermicidal system may receive administrator input corresponding to oneor more selections of any suitable report options and parameters,including but not limited to those shown and/or described with respectto FIG. 19G.

In response to the administrator input, a processor of the germicidalsystem (e.g., one or more processors of the administrator device,server, human interface devices, and/or germicidal devices) may generatea report based on the selected parameters and using data obtained frommemory of the germicidal system (e.g., memory of the server,administrator device, one or more human interface devices, and/or one ormore germicidal devices). The processor of the germicidal system thatgenerates the report may obtain the necessary input and data via thenetwork. The report may be output to the administrator interface of theadministrator device in order to be viewed by the administrator, storedin memory of the germicidal system, and/or output to any other deviceconnected to the network. The one or more output destinations may bedetermined based on administrator input via the administrator interface.

While the inventive devices, systems, and methods have been described insome detail by way of illustration, such illustration is for purposes ofclarity of understanding only. It will be readily apparent to those ofordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings herein that certainchanges and modifications may be made thereto without departing from thespirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it should beappreciated by those skilled in the art that elements of the germicidaldevices, systems, and methods described herein may be combined inalternative ways not expressly described herein.

1. A disinfection apparatus comprising: a germicidal light sourceselectively activatable to generate an irradiation area fordisinfection; a sensing system configured to detect human presence orhuman absence in proximity to the irradiation area; a processor incommunication with the germicidal light source and the sensing system,the processor configured to execute a disinfection protocol including: aperiodic disinfection cycle, the periodic disinfection cycle including aseries of periodic automatic activations and deactivations of thegermicidal light source; a presence-based disinfection cycle, thepresence-based disinfection cycle being aperiodic and includingautomatic activation of the germicidal light source based on output fromthe sensing system indicative of human absence occurring in sequencefollowing human presence; and a presence-based germicidal light sourcedeactivation, the presence-based deactivation including deactivation ofan active germicidal light source in response to output from the sensingsystem indicative of human presence, wherein the presence-baseddeactivation occurs during the periodic disinfection cycle and thepresence-based disinfection cycle.
 2. The disinfection apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the sensing system is configured to detect humaninteraction with a contact surface in the irradiation area and whereinthe presence-based disinfection cycle is based on output from thesensing system indicative of human absence occurring in sequencefollowing human interaction with a contact surface in the irradiationarea.
 3. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1, wherein thepresence-based disinfection cycle includes a delay prior to theautomatic activation of the germicidal lights source, the delayincluding a predefined amount of time where output from the sensingsystem continuously indicates human absence.
 4. The disinfectionapparatus of claim 1, wherein the disinfection apparatus includes a worklight for illuminating an area surrounding the human interface device.5. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensing system isa dual-mode sensing system including a proximity sensor and aninteraction sensor, wherein the proximity sensor provides outputindicative of human presence or human absence and wherein theinteraction sensor provides output indicative of user interaction with acontact surface in the irradiation area.
 6. The disinfection apparatusof claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to pause the periodicdisinfection cycle in response to the presence-based germicidal lightsource deactivation and to resume the periodic disinfection cycle aftera delay period, the delay period including a predefined amount of timewhere output from the sensing system continuously indicates humanabsence.
 7. A disinfection apparatus comprising: a germicidal lightsource selectively activatable to generate a UV illumination area fordisinfection; a sensing system including a passive infrared sensor, thesensing system generating sensor output; a processor in communicationwith the germicidal light source and the sensing system, wherein theprocessor is configured to: determine interaction detection events fromthe sensor output; determine proximity detection events from the sensoroutput; execute a disinfection protocol including periodic disinfection,presence-based disinfection, and presence-based germicidal light sourcedeactivation.
 8. The disinfection apparatus of claim 7 wherein theprocessor is configured to initiate the presence-based disinfection inresponse to a lack of interaction and proximity detection events for apre-determined period of time occurring in sequence following aninteraction detection event.
 9. The disinfection apparatus of claim 7wherein the periodic disinfection includes a series of periodicautomatic activations and deactivations of the germicidal light source,wherein the presence-based disinfection includes aperiodic automaticactivation of the germicidal light source, and wherein thepresence-based deactivation includes deactivation of an activegermicidal light source.
 10. The disinfection apparatus of claim 7wherein the sensor output includes a first sensor output and a secondsensor output, wherein the processor is configured to initiatepresence-based disinfection in response to the first sensor output, andwherein the processor is configured to disrupt the periodic disinfectionand presence-based disinfection in response to the second sensor output.11. The disinfection apparatus of claim 7 wherein the processor isconfigured to determine a human absence event in response to sensoroutput indicative of human absence in the UV illumination area, whereinthe processor is configured to determine an interaction detection eventin response to sensor output indicative of human interaction with acontact surface in the UV illumination area, and wherein the processoris configured to initiate presence-based disinfection in response to thehuman absence event occurring in sequence following the interactiondetection event.
 12. The disinfection apparatus of claim 11 wherein theprocessor is configured to initiate presence-based disinfection inresponse to a plurality of consecutive human absence events occurring insequence following the interaction detection event.
 13. The disinfectionapparatus of claim 12 wherein the plurality of consecutive human absenceevents occur within a pre-defined delay time period.
 14. Thedisinfection apparatus of claim 7 including a work light forilluminating an area surrounding the UV illumination area.
 15. Thedisinfection apparatus of claim 7 wherein the sensing system is adual-mode sensing system including a proximity sensor and an interactionsensor, wherein the proximity sensor provides sensor output indicativeof human presence or human absence and wherein the interaction sensorprovides sensor output indicative of user interaction with a contactsurface in the irradiation area.
 16. A disinfection method comprising:selectively activating, with a processor, a germicidal light source todisinfect an area; sensing, with a sensing system, human presence orhuman absence in proximity to the area; periodically and automaticallyactivating and deactivating the germicidal light source to provide aperiodic disinfection cycle; aperiodically and automatically activating,with the processor, the germicidal light source based on output from thesensing system indicative of human absence occurring in sequencefollowing human presence to provide a presence-based disinfection cycle;and deactivating an active germicidal light source in response to outputfrom the sensing system indicative of human presence to providepresence-based germicidal light source deactivation during the periodicdisinfection cycle and the presence-based disinfection cycle.
 17. Thedisinfection method of claim 16, wherein the sensing human presence,with the sensing system, includes sensing human interaction with acontact surface in the area.
 18. The disinfection method of claim 16,wherein the presence-based disinfection cycle includes delayingactivation of the germicidal light source following output from thesensing system indicating human absence until after a predefined amountof time passes without the sensing system indicating human presence. 19.The disinfection method of claim 16, including activating a work lightto generate visible light in a visible light area.
 20. The disinfectionmethod of claim 16, wherein the sensing system is a dual-mode sensingsystem, wherein the sensing system includes a proximity sensor and aninteraction sensor, wherein the method includes sensing, with theproximity sensor, human presence or human absence and sensing, with theinteraction sensor, user interaction with a contact surface in theirradiation area.